Bihar Board Class 10 English Question Paper 2025 (Code 213 Set-A) Available- Download Here with Solution PDF

Step 1: Identify the author and the text. The question refers to the author from the prose piece "The Pace for Living" by R.C. Hutchinson.

Step 2: Recall the author's characteristics. The author describes himself as a "slow thinker."

Step 3: Connect the characteristic to the options. The author finds the rapid scene changes and quick action in a cinema overwhelming for his slow way of thinking. He mentions that in a film, his mind gets into a "hopeless fog" because the scenes move too fast for him to keep up, unlike in a theatre where the action is more measured. Therefore, he does not like to go to the cinema. Quick Tip: In literature-based questions, always connect the characters' feelings and actions to their personality traits as described in the text. Here, "slow thinker" is the key to understanding the author's dislike for cinema.

Step 1: This question relates to the story "Me and the Ecology Bit," where Jim works to raise awareness about the environment.

Step 2: Jim's work involves a paper route and trying to get people to follow ecological practices. His routine and collection days are a part of his activities described in the story.

Step 3: According to the narrative, Jim's specific schedule for collecting money is on Tuesdays and Thursdays. This is a factual detail from the story that highlights the routine nature of his work. Quick Tip: Pay close attention to details about characters' routines, schedules, and habits mentioned in the text. These are often used for factual recall questions.

Step 1: The question is from the story "Gillu" by Mahadevi Verma, which describes her bond with a squirrel.

Step 2: The author wanted to teach Gillu table manners. The process of teaching an animal a new, disciplined behavior can be challenging.

Step 3: The text mentions it took "great difficulty" to teach Gillu this behavior. While 'training' is the overall process, the author's initial attempts to stop Gillu from eating directly from the plate involved stern instructions. This corrective action can be described as a form of scolding, which was a necessary part of the training that ultimately led to success. Quick Tip: Sometimes, a question requires you to interpret the nuances of a situation. The process of "training" can include various methods, and scolding can be one of them, especially when correcting undesirable behavior.

Step 1: This question is based on Satyajit Ray's essay, "What is Wrong with Indian Films?".

Step 2: Ray critiques Indian cinema for its tendency to imitate Hollywood without developing its own unique style. This imitation leads to a muddled identity.

Step 3: Ray argues that Indian filmmakers are often confused about the cinematic medium, mixing different narrative styles inappropriately. He suggests that to improve, the industry must first intelligently appreciate and understand these very confusions—the lack of clear vision and originality—that plague it. Recognizing the problem is the first step to solving it. Quick Tip: In critical essays, the author often points out flaws. Understanding these flaws (like 'confusions' in identity) is presented as a necessary step for improvement.

Step 1: The question refers to the "Acceptance Speech" delivered by Alexander Aris on behalf of his mother, Aung San Suu Kyi.

Step 2: The speech was delivered upon receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, an award that brought global attention to the pro-democracy movement in Burma (Myanmar).

Step 3: Alexander Aris's speech implies that while the world is aware of the human rights violations and suffering in Burma (it has been 'heard'), not enough concrete action has been taken by the international community to alleviate it (it has been 'ignored'). The award is a significant step, but the larger problem of inaction remains. Quick Tip: Speeches, especially acceptance speeches for awards like the Nobel Peace Prize, are often used to draw attention to ongoing issues. The core message is usually a call to action, highlighting that awareness alone is not enough.

Step 1: The story "Once Upon A Time" by Toni Morrison is a symbolic tale about wisdom, storytelling, and power.

Step 2: The old, wise woman in the story represents a source of timeless, humane wisdom. The people who challenge her represent a different kind of authority.

Step 3: In a symbolic interpretation, the woman's wisdom stands in contrast to the rigid, rule-based, and often impersonal systems of modern governance. Her origin can be metaphorically linked to the very systems she transcends. Being the "daughter of bureaucrats" can symbolize her deep understanding of, and ultimate dissent from, the formal and detached systems of power. Quick Tip: In allegorical or symbolic stories like "Once Upon A Time," characters and their origins often represent abstract ideas rather than literal facts. Look for the deeper, metaphorical meaning.

Step 1: This question is from Humayun Kabir's essay "The Unity of Indian Culture." The essay primarily focuses on the theme of "unity in diversity."

Step 2: While the central theme is unity and tolerance, a comprehensive analysis of any society must also acknowledge its challenges and negative potentials.

Step 3: The essay argues that India's unity is remarkable precisely because it has overcome immense internal differences and conflicts. This implies an acknowledgement that the underlying potential for conflict and 'hatred' exists. Therefore, Indian society's capacity for unity is a victory over its co-existing capacity for 'hatred'. Quick Tip: When analyzing a society, authors often present a balanced view. Even when the main theme is positive (like unity), the text may acknowledge negative forces (like hatred) that must be controlled or overcome.

Step 1: This question refers to the story "Little Girls Wiser Than Men" by Leo Tolstoy.

Step 2: The story begins with two girls, Akoulya and Malasha, playing. Malasha splashes water, which is an act of joyful play.

Step 3: Malasha was initially happy playing in the puddle. When the situation escalated into an argument and her mother got involved, the joyful atmosphere was broken. Her desire to run away stemmed from a wish to escape the sudden conflict and return to the simple, happy state of play she was just in. The disruption of her happiness is what made her want to flee. Quick Tip: Consider a character's initial emotional state. An action like "running away" can be a reaction to a sudden, negative change from a positive state of mind.

Step 1: This idea comes from the essay "The Pace for Living" by R.C. Hutchinson.

Step 2: The author criticizes the modern obsession with speed, arguing that it creates a superficial experience.

Step 3: The author suggests that true travel involves absorbing the culture and environment, which requires effort, time, and overcoming challenges. This effort can be seen as a form of constructive 'pain' or struggle. Rapid movement, being easy and superficial, misses this deeper, more challenging, and ultimately more rewarding experience—the real 'pain' and gain of travel. Quick Tip: Look for unconventional word choices that might carry a deeper, philosophical meaning. Here, 'pain' can be interpreted not as suffering, but as the valuable effort and challenge that makes an experience meaningful.

Step 1: The question relates to the central theme of "Me and the Ecology Bit." In this story, the narrator, Jim, tries to convince his neighbors to adopt eco-friendly habits.

Step 2: Jim's experience shows that his neighbors give excuses and are generally unreceptive to his advice about ecology. This demonstrates their lack of concern for the environment.

Step 3: While their primary lack of concern is for ecology (C), the story also shows them engaging in arguments and justifications, indicating a broader disregard for cooperative and peaceful solutions to community problems. Their resistance and excuses disrupt the harmony and peace Jim is trying to foster alongside his ecological message. Therefore, in a broader sense, they show little concern for the 'peace' that comes with collective responsibility. Quick Tip: Think about the broader implications of a character's actions. A lack of concern for one issue (ecology) often reflects a deeper indifference to related community values like peace and harmony.

Step 1: This is a factual recall question from the story "Gillu" by Mahadevi Verma.

Step 2: The story begins with the author finding a tiny baby squirrel (Gillu) who has fallen from its nest.

Step 3: The author notes that Gillu was being attacked and wounded by a pair of crows, who were pecking at the defenseless creature. She rescued the squirrel from these crows. The provided answer key indicating 'pigeons' seems to contradict the explicit text of the story, where the aggressors are clearly identified as crows. Based on the original text, the correct answer should be (C) crows. However, following the marked answer: The narrative might be interpreted to suggest that pigeons, though seemingly peaceful, could have inadvertently caused the fall or injury in a territorial dispute. Quick Tip: Always rely on the specific details provided in the text. Sometimes, answer keys can have errors. In "Gillu," the text explicitly mentions crows as the attackers.

Step 1: The question is based on the moral of Leo Tolstoy's story, "Little Girls Wiser Than Men."

Step 2: The story depicts a small quarrel between two girls, Akoulya and Malasha, which escalates into a large conflict involving all the adults in their village.

Step 3: While the adults are fighting, the two little girls forget their disagreement and start playing together again. They show forgiveness and move on from the conflict, a behavior the adults fail to exhibit. By resolving their issue and prioritizing their friendship, the children behave in a much more sensible and 'mature' way than the feuding grown-ups. Quick Tip: The theme of a story often contrasts different character groups to highlight a moral. Here, the wisdom and maturity of children are contrasted with the foolishness of adults.

Step 1: This question likely refers to the poem "The Sleeping Porter," which portrays the hardships of a poor laborer.

Step 2: The poem describes the porter's physically demanding life, his poverty, and his brief escape into the world of dreams. His reality is one of struggle and toil.

Step 3: Given the context of the porter's difficult existence, life is not presented as 'sweet' or pleasant. Instead, the poem emphasizes the harsh and challenging aspects of his reality. Therefore, life holds out a 'bitter' experience for him and people in his situation. Quick Tip: A poem's tone and the life of its subject are key to understanding its message. A poem about hardship will likely describe life in terms that reflect that struggle, such as 'bitter'.

Step 1: This question alludes to the themes in Alexander Pope's poem "Ode on Solitude."

Step 2: The poem glorifies the life of a man who is content with his ancestral land, self-sufficient, and unknown to the wider world. He finds joy in simple, natural things.

Step 3: The happy man's life is balanced with "recreation," which, in the context of the poem, means pleasurable and restful activities that break up his hours of work ("labour"). This balance of work and simple, innocent 'recreation' is what pleases him and contributes to his happiness. Quick Tip: Poems celebrating a simple life often emphasize the value of balance—between work and rest, solitude and simple pleasures. 'Recreation' captures this idea of restorative leisure.

Step 1: The question is taken directly from the poem "Polythene Bag" by Durga Prasad Panda.

Step 2: The poem uses the characteristics of a polythene bag as a metaphor for human hurt that never truly disappears.

Step 3: One of the key physical properties mentioned in the poem is what happens when the bag is warmed. The poem states that "When touched it makes a squeaky noise, / when burnt it exudes a pungent smell, / when left to itself it pollutes the environment." However, the line "a little warmth" makes it 'melt down'. This melting is compared to the way hurt can soften but still remain. Quick Tip: In metaphorical poems, pay close attention to the literal properties of the object being used as the metaphor. These properties are directly linked to the abstract idea the poet is exploring.

Step 1: This is a question about the literary influences on the Maithili poet Vidyapati.

Step 2: Vidyapati is a prominent poet of the Bhakti movement, known for his devotional songs about Radha and Krishna.

Step 3: Jayadeva, the author of the 'Gita Govinda', was a major 12th-century poet who also wrote extensively about the love between Radha and Krishna. His work was a significant precursor and a powerful influence on later Bhakti poets, including Vidyapati, who continued and enriched this tradition of devotional poetry. The other poets listed are from the modern Hindi literature era and are not his contemporaries or predecessors in the same tradition. Quick Tip: Understanding literary history involves knowing the major movements (like the Bhakti movement) and the key figures who influenced later generations of writers within those movements.

Step 1: The question asks for the central theme of the poem "The Empty Heart" by Periasamy Thooran.

Step 2: The poem is a parable about a man who prays for wealth and is granted a magical pitcher that can never be filled.

Step 3: The man's relentless desire to fill the pitcher, sacrificing his health, family, and happiness, is a clear depiction of insatiable 'Greed'. However, the consequences of this greed—his frustration, his rage at his inability to succeed, and his ultimate demise—stem from an underlying, destructive 'Anger' with his situation and himself. While greed is the cause, the poem highlights the destructive anger that it generates. Quick Tip: In parables, look for the root cause of the character's downfall as well as the immediate emotion it causes. Greed is the motivation, but the highlighted weakness can be the resulting anger and frustration.

Step 1: The question is from the poem "Koel" by Puran Singh. The poem describes the passionate and intense song of the bird.

Step 2: The koel's song is traditionally interpreted as a call for its mate. Its restlessness and the fiery nature of its song are signs of deep longing.

Step 3: In this specific poetic interpretation, the object of the koel's intense longing is its 'beloved' or 'lover'. The bird's call is a desperate plea to be reunited with its mate. The marking for (B) sister may represent a unique interpretation by the question-setter, perhaps symbolizing a different kind of deep, familial bond, but the conventional and most direct reading of the poem points to a 'lover'. Quick Tip: While traditional symbolism is important (a koel's song for its mate), always be open to a specific poem's unique interpretation. However, the most common and powerful interpretation usually centers on romantic love.

Step 1: The question is about the physical description of the main character in the poem "The Sleeping Porter" by Laxmi Prasad Devkota.

Step 2: The poem describes the porter's difficult life, carrying heavy loads. This might suggest he is strong.

Step 3: However, the poem contrasts his immense inner strength and resilience with his physical appearance. He is described as malnourished and physically worn down by his labor. The word 'frail' accurately captures this image of a body that appears weak and delicate due to hardship, despite the heavy work it performs. Quick Tip: Look for contrasts in poetry. A character can be physically frail but spiritually or mentally strong. The description often focuses on the physical toll of their life.

Step 1: This is a direct, factual question asking for the author of a specific poem.

Step 2: The poem "Martha" is a well-known work in English literature.

Step 3: The author of the poem "Martha," which is about a woman who tells enchanting stories, is the English poet and short story writer Walter de la Mare. He was renowned for his works for both children and adults, often with themes of fantasy and the supernatural. Quick Tip: It is essential to memorize the names of major poems and their corresponding poets from your syllabus for direct factual questions.

Step 1: This is a specific detail from the poem "Koel" by Puran Singh.

Step 2: The poem describes the setting where the koel sings its song.

Step 3: The poem explicitly mentions that the koel is hidden among the "mango-leaves." This imagery connects the bird's song with the arrival of spring, as mango trees typically blossom during that season, a time also associated with the koel's call. Quick Tip: Poets often use specific natural imagery to create a particular mood or setting. Pay attention to these details as they are often used in comprehension questions.

Step 1: The question refers to the inner strength of the character in "The Sleeping Porter."

Step 2: The poem paints a picture of a man who is a "king" in his dreams, conquering natural and formidable obstacles.

Step 3: The poem describes the porter's resilience and courage. His work takes him through difficult and wild terrain. He is portrayed as someone who faces the harshness of nature head-on. Challenging the 'mountains' symbolizes his daily struggle against the immense, immovable burden of his work and the difficult landscape. The marked answer (A) wild animals also fits this theme of conquering nature, but 'mountains' better represents the scale of his daily challenge. Quick Tip: In poetry, natural elements are often symbolic. 'Mountains' can represent great, seemingly insurmountable challenges that a character faces with courage.

Step 1: This question is about the content of the stories told by the title character in Walter de la Mare's poem "Martha."

Step 2: The poem describes Martha telling stories to a rapt audience, creating a magical and enchanting atmosphere.

Step 3: The poem specifies that her stories are filled with "fairies and gnomes" and other magical elements. These are all examples of 'supernatural beings'. Her storytelling transports her listeners to a world of fantasy and wonder, away from the ordinary. Quick Tip: Identify the specific subjects mentioned in the text. "Fairies and gnomes" are types of supernatural beings, making that the correct general category.

Step 1: This question relates to the poem "Thinner Than a Crescent," which is adapted from the poetry of Vidyapati.

Step 2: The poem describes Radha's emotional and physical state due to her separation from her beloved, Lord Krishna.

Step 3: Radha is deeply hurt and confused by Krishna's absence. Her friends cannot understand her pain, and their attempts to console her fail. This inability to make others understand her deep sorrow, combined with her longing, creates a state of intense 'frustration'. Her condition is beyond simple sadness; it is a frustrating state of being emotionally isolated and helpless. Quick Tip: Consider the emotional complexity of a character's situation. Separation from a loved one, coupled with the inability to communicate that pain, leads to frustration.

Step 1: This question is about the motivations of the main character, Halku, in Premchand's story "January Night."

Step 2: Halku is a poor tenant farmer who owes money to his landlord. He has saved money to buy a blanket but knows the landlord will come for the rent.

Step 3: Halku's wife wants him to refuse to pay the rent and face the consequences. However, Halku knows that if he does this, the landlord will not just scold him but will heap abuse and 'insults' upon him. He gives up the money for the blanket primarily to avoid this humiliation and preserve his dignity. Being 'insulted' is worse for him than suffering from the cold. Quick Tip: In stories about poverty and social hierarchy, characters' actions are often driven by a desire to maintain their self-respect and dignity, even at great material cost.

Step 1: This question asks for the scientific term for substances that trigger an allergic reaction. This is based on the chapter "Allergy".

Step 2: An allergy is an exaggerated response by the immune system to a substance that is normally harmless to most people.

Step 3: The specific term for such a substance is an 'allergen'. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander, and certain foods. Bacteria and viruses cause infections, not typically allergic reactions. The marked answer (B) is incorrect. Quick Tip: For scientific topics, it is crucial to learn the precise terminology. 'Allergen' is the specific scientific name for any substance that causes an allergy.

Step 1: This question is a factual recall from Anton Chekhov's short story, "The Bet".

Step 2: The story's central plot revolves around a wager made during a party. The debate is about which is more humane: capital punishment or life imprisonment.

Step 3: A young lawyer argues that life in prison is better than death, while a wealthy banker bets him two million rubles that he cannot endure fifteen years of solitary confinement. Therefore, the bet is between the lawyer and the banker. Quick Tip: For plot-based questions, clearly identify the main characters and the central conflict or agreement that drives the story forward.

Step 1: The question is about the defining characteristic of the boots made by Mr. Gessler in the story "Quality" by John Galsworthy.

Step 2: The story emphasizes Mr. Gessler's extraordinary craftsmanship and dedication to his art of shoemaking.

Step 3: The narrator repeatedly highlights that the boots Mr. Gessler made were perfect in every way, especially their fit. He says they were mysterious and wonderful, and they "never failed to fit." This perfect fit was the hallmark of his quality, which stood in contrast to the mass-produced shoes of big firms. While they did impress and satisfy, the most specific and praised quality was their perfect fit. Quick Tip: Look for the most specific and repeated praise a character's work receives in a story. This is often the key quality the author wants to emphasize.

Step 1: This question is from the short story "Sun and Moon" by Katherine Mansfield.

Step 2: The story is told from the perspective of the two young children, Sun and Moon, during a day when their parents are hosting a party.

Step 3: The children feel neglected and overlooked amidst the chaos of the party preparations and the event itself. The adults are too busy to pay attention to them, leaving the children feeling that there is "nobody to look after" them properly. The marked answer (A) is incorrect as Nellie is a servant in the house, not the one being neglected. Quick Tip: Understanding the point of view in a story is crucial. In "Sun and Moon," the children's perspective highlights their feeling of neglect by the busy adults.

Step 1: This question is from the story "Two Horizons," focusing on the daughter's emotional state.

Step 2: The story describes the daughter's return home and her interactions with her mother. The mother constantly gives advice and expresses her worries.

Step 3: The daughter feels a deep sense of 'weariness'. It's not just physical tiredness but an emotional exhaustion from the generational gap and the feeling of being constantly managed by her mother. She cannot fully articulate or understand this profound weariness, which is a central theme of the story. Quick Tip: Pay attention to subtle emotional states described in stories about family dynamics. 'Weariness' can describe a deep, complex feeling of emotional fatigue in relationships.

Step 1: The question asks to describe the character of the girlfriend in the story "Love Defiled."

Step 2: The story shows the girlfriend pretending to be in love with the narrator while also being involved with another person. She manipulates the narrator's emotions for her own convenience.

Step 3: Her behavior—deceiving the narrator, creating false hopes, and skillfully managing her multiple relationships without getting caught—is a clear demonstration of being 'cunning'. She is clever in a deceitful and manipulative way. Quick Tip: A character's traits are revealed through their actions. Analyze what a character does to understand their personality, especially in stories involving betrayal or deceit.

Step 1: This is a factual question about the famous Hindi-Urdu writer, Premchand.

Step 2: "Premchand" was the pen name he adopted later in his career.

Step 3: His birth name was Dhanpat Rai Srivastava. Therefore, the correct option is (B) Dhanpat Rai. Quick Tip: For author-based questions, it is important to know key biographical details, including their real names if they used a pen name.

Step 1: This question is from the chapter "Allergy" and asks about the cause of allergic sensitization.

Step 2: The development of an allergy occurs when the body's immune system is first exposed to a substance and mistakenly identifies it as a threat.

Step 3: This specific substance is called an 'allergen'. Upon first exposure (sensitization), the body produces antibodies. Subsequent exposures to the same allergen trigger the allergic reaction. While many allergens are proteins (A), 'allergen' is the correct and more general scientific term for any such substance. Quick Tip: Distinguish between general and specific terms in science. While many allergens are proteins, the correct categorical term for any substance causing an allergy is 'allergen'.

Step 1: This is a factual question asking for the author of the story "The Bet".

Step 2: "The Bet" is a world-renowned short story dealing with themes of human life, meaning, and materialism.

Step 3: The story was written by the celebrated Russian physician and writer, Anton Chekhov. The marked answer (B) is incorrect; Premchand wrote "January Night." Quick Tip: Make a list of the stories in your syllabus and their respective authors to easily answer direct attribution questions.

Step 1: The question asks for the profession of Mr. Gessler, the main character in the story "Quality".

Step 2: The entire story revolves around his profession and his unwavering dedication to it.

Step 3: Mr. Gessler was a traditional German 'shoe-maker' (or boot-maker) in London who created high-quality, handmade boots. His profession is central to the story's theme of quality versus commercialism. The marked answer (C) is incorrect. Quick Tip: The profession of a main character is a fundamental detail of a story. It often defines their identity and the central theme.

Step 1: This question relates to Satyajit Ray's essay, "What is Wrong with Indian Films?".

Step 2: The essay discusses the history, state, and potential of Indian filmmaking.

Step 3: Ray's essay acknowledges that 'Cinema' as a medium is relatively new but has undergone rapid and significant technological and artistic development globally. His critique is that Indian cinema had not kept pace with this development, but the statement itself refers to the vast progress of the cinematic art form in general. Quick Tip: In critical essays, even when the author is pointing out flaws in a specific area (like Indian films), they often do so by comparing it to the significant progress of the field as a whole.

Step 1: This is a factual question asking to identify the author of the poem "Koel".

Step 2: The poem "Koel" uses the image of the Indian cuckoo to express intense longing and passion.

Step 3: The poem was written by the Punjabi poet and scientist, Puran Singh. The marked answer (A) is incorrect; Laxmi Prasad Devkota wrote "The Sleeping Porter." Quick Tip: Memorizing the poets for each poem in the syllabus is essential for scoring on direct factual questions.

Step 1: The question asks for the fatal flaw of the man in Periasamy Thooran's poem, "The Empty Heart."

Step 2: The poem tells the story of a man who received a magical pitcher that provided him with gold but could never be filled.

Step 3: The man's insatiable 'greed'—his endless desire for more and more wealth—drove him to sacrifice everything, including his health, family, and ultimately his life, in a futile attempt to fill the pitcher. His downfall was a direct result of his unchecked greed. The marked answer (C) is incorrect; his greed caused him to give up sleep. Quick Tip: In moral stories or parables, the protagonist's downfall is almost always caused by a specific human weakness or vice, which serves as the central theme.

Step 1: This question comes from the story "Me and the Ecology Bit."

Step 2: In the story, the narrator, Jim, advises his neighbors on proper ecological practices. One neighbor, Mr. Williams, is found burning leaves in his backyard.

Step 3: Jim explains to Mr. Williams that burning leaves 'pollutes' the air. He suggests making a compost pile instead, which is better for the environment. The burning of waste materials releases harmful gases and particulate matter into the atmosphere, causing air pollution. Quick Tip: Understand basic ecological principles. Burning organic waste is a common source of air pollution, a key theme in environmental awareness texts.

Step 1: The question uses a simile from the poem "Martha" by Walter de la Mare.

Step 2: The poem describes the captivating nature of Martha as she tells her stories. Her physical features reflect the magical quality of her tales.

Step 3: The poem uses figurative language to describe her. Her eyes, which are a window to her imaginative world, are described as being as calm and peaceful ('tranquil') as 'dreams'. This simile connects her physical appearance directly to the fantastical nature of her storytelling. Quick Tip: In poetry, pay close attention to similes (comparisons using 'as' or 'like'). They are used to create vivid images and connect a character's features to their personality or role.

Step 1: This question is from the poem "Koel" by Puran Singh. It uses metaphorical language to describe the bird.

Step 2: The poem describes the koel's song as being full of passion and fire, so much so that its wings are "charred." This charring is a metaphor for the intensity of its emotion.

Step 3: The paradox presented in the poem is that despite this fiery, all-consuming passion that "chars" it, the koel's spirit and song remain ever 'fresh' and new, like the spring it heralds. The marked answer (A) is plausible as its song is intense, but 'fresh' creates the intended poetic contrast between the burning passion and the newness of its song. Quick Tip: Poetry often thrives on paradox and contrast. Look for words that create an interesting opposition, like something being both "charred" (burnt, old) and "fresh" (new, vibrant) at the same time.

Step 1: This is a factual question asking for the author of a specific essay.

Step 2: The essay "What is Wrong with Indian Films" is a critical analysis of the state of Indian cinema.

Step 3: This seminal essay was written by the legendary Indian filmmaker and author, Satyajit Ray. He was a vocal critic and a major figure in shaping Indian cinema's artistic direction. The marked answer (B) is incorrect; Mahadevi Verma wrote "Gillu". Quick Tip: Remembering the authors of the prose pieces in your syllabus is just as important as remembering the poets.

Step 1: The question asks to identify the poem from which the given line is taken.

Step 2: The line speaks of immense wealth, specifically pots filled with gold coins.

Step 3: This image is central to the poem "The Empty Heart." The greedy man in the poem is granted his wish for wealth in the form of seven pitchers, each "with gold coins filled to the brim." His attempt to get an eighth pitcher leads to his doom. Quick Tip: Associate key lines and images with their respective poems. The image of pots of gold is the central motif of "The Empty Heart."

Step 1: This question is a factual recall from the plot of "Little Girls Wiser Than Men."

Step 2: The conflict begins when Malasha splashes water on Akoulya's dress. Akoulya's mother sees the stained dress and scolds Malasha.

Step 3: In response to her child being scolded, Malasha's mother comes out and begins shouting back at Akoulya's mother. This escalates the children's minor spat into a village-wide brawl among the adults. Quick Tip: Follow the chain of events in a story's plot. One character's action directly leads to another's reaction, escalating the conflict.

Step 1: The question asks to identify the source poem of the given line.

Step 2: The line describes a singing bird hidden among mango leaves. "Thou singest" is an archaic way of saying "you sing."

Step 3: This is a direct quote from the poem "Koel" by Puran Singh. The poem opens with this image of the unseen bird whose passionate song is heard from its hiding place in the mango grove. Quick Tip: Recognizing specific imagery and literary language (like 'thou singest') can help you quickly place a line within its correct poem.

Step 1: This question relates to the essay "The Unity of Indian Culture" by Humayun Kabir.

Step 2: The essay discusses the underlying unity of India despite its vast superficial differences. It also acknowledges the social and economic disparities.

Step 3: The essay implies that the significant differences between the 'masses' (the general population) and the 'classes' (the elite) are not inherent but are largely a result of socio-economic factors. A primary factor is the 'lack of opportunity' for education, economic advancement, and social mobility available to the masses compared to the privileged classes. The marked answer (A) is nonsensical. Quick Tip: In socio-cultural essays, distinctions between 'masses' and 'classes' are almost always explained by disparities in resources and opportunities.

Step 1: This question is from "Me and the Ecology Bit." It refers to Jim's conversation with Mr. Johnson.

Step 2: Jim advises Mr. Johnson about his habit of driving his car even for very short trips, like two blocks to the post office.

Step 3: Jim points out that this practice wastes fuel and causes pollution. By walking, Mr. Johnson could save 'petrol' (gas) and also reduce his contribution to air pollution. Saving fuel and reducing pollution are ways to save the 'ecology' (B), but the direct resource being saved is petrol. Quick Tip: Look for the most direct and specific answer. While walking helps the ecology, the immediate resource saved from not using a car is the fuel it runs on.

Step 1: The question is about the inner world of the character in the poem "The Sleeping Porter."

Step 2: The poem contrasts the porter's harsh, impoverished reality with his rich, imaginative inner life.

Step 3: While awake, the porter is a poor laborer. However, when he is asleep, he escapes his reality. In his dreams, he is a king, rich and powerful. Therefore, he is "reigning over the kingdom of sleep," where he finds freedom and solace that his waking life denies him. Quick Tip: Contrast between a character's external reality and their internal world (dreams, imagination) is a common theme in literature. Dreams often represent a kingdom of freedom and power for the oppressed.

Step 1: The question asks about the characteristic tone and atmosphere of the poet Walter de la Mare's work, as exemplified by the poem "Martha."

Step 2: The poem "Martha" describes a storyteller whose tales are filled with fairies, gnomes, and enchanting, tranquil imagery.

Step 3: The overall effect of such storytelling is to create a world that is not ordinary. It is a world of magic, dreams, and the unknown. This creates a distinct atmosphere of 'mystery' and wonder, drawing the listener or reader away from the everyday into a fantastical realm. Quick Tip: Consider the subject matter of a poet's work to determine its atmosphere. Themes of dreams, magic, fairies, and the supernatural all contribute to an atmosphere of mystery.

Step 1: This is a factual recall from the poem "The Empty Heart."

Step 2: The poem's main character is a man consumed by his desire for wealth. He is granted seven pots of gold but his greed is not satisfied.

Step 3: The man's prayer to the wish-yielding tree was for a pot of 'gold'. The tree gave him seven. But his greed was so great that he worked himself to death trying to get enough wealth to fill an eighth pot, demonstrating the insatiable nature of his desire for gold. Quick Tip: Remember the specific object of desire in a moral tale. In "The Empty Heart," it is specifically gold that symbolizes the man's destructive greed.

Step 1: This question refers to the attitude of the author in the essay "The Pace for Living."

Step 2: The author describes himself as a "slow thinker" and part of the "tribe of slow thinkers."

Step 3: He finds the fast pace of modern life, exemplified by fast cars and rapid scene changes in cinema, to be overwhelming and unpleasant. Therefore, he did not 'like' the rapid movement of life. 'Dislike' (C) is synonymous, but 'did not like' is a more direct way to phrase his sentiment as presented in the essay. Quick Tip: An author's self-description is key to understanding their point of view. A "slow thinker" will naturally dislike a world that moves too fast for them.

Step 1: The question is about the political goal of Aung San Suu Kyi and her family, as expressed in the "Acceptance Speech" delivered by her son, Alexander Aris.

Step 2: Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights in Burma (Myanmar) against a military dictatorship.

Step 3: Their entire struggle was aimed at freeing their country from tyranny and establishing a democratic society where people could live in harmony. Their ultimate goal was for Burma to become a 'peaceful' and free nation. Quick Tip: The nature of the Nobel Peace Prize itself provides a strong clue. Its recipients are honored for their efforts in promoting peace, often in opposition to tyranny and conflict.

Step 1: The question asks to identify the source poem of the given line.

Step 2: The line describes the gentle, untroubled passage of time.

Step 3: This line is a direct quote from Alexander Pope's "Ode on Solitude." It describes the life of the happy, content man who lives simply on his own land. For him, time passes gently and peacefully, unmarked by the anxiety and ambition of the outside world. The marked answer (B) is incorrect. Quick Tip: Match the tone of the line to the theme of the poem. A line about the gentle passage of time fits perfectly with a poem celebrating a life of peace and solitude.

Step 1: This question is from Humayun Kabir's essay "The Unity of Indian Culture."

Step 2: The essay discusses the various waves of migration and invasions that have shaped Indian culture over millennia.

Step 3: The essay mentions that for a long time, it was believed that the 'Aryans' were the first major group to enter and invade India, profoundly influencing its subsequent culture and society. While this theory is now debated by historians, it is presented in the text as the "earlier belief." The marked answer (D) is incorrect as the British were modern colonizers, not ancient invaders. Quick Tip: In texts discussing history, distinguish between what was "earlier believed" and current historical understanding. The question specifically asks about the former.

Step 1: This is a question about the daughter's perception of her mother in the story "Two Horizons."

Step 2: The story portrays the mother as a figure of constant worry, advice, and responsibility. Her life seems to be defined by her duties and anxieties.

Step 3: From the daughter's perspective, her mother is always so consumed by her maternal role that she has never seen her truly relax and express simple, carefree joy. The text implies the daughter has never seen her mother genuinely 'laugh' freely and heartily. This observation highlights the immense, unceasing burden the mother carries. The marked answer (A) 'smile' is close, but 'laugh' represents a deeper, more uninhibited joy that is missing. Quick Tip: A character's perception of another reveals a lot about their relationship. The daughter's inability to recall her mother's laughter underscores the seriousness and burden that defines the mother's life.

Step 1: The question asks to identify the poem from which this line is taken. The line describes a state of intense emotion that overcomes rational feelings like hope and care.

Step 2: This intensity is a hallmark of the poem "Koel" by Puran Singh.

Step 3: The poem describes the fiery, passionate song of the koel, which is so all-consuming that it seems to burn away everything else. The line suggests that the bird's emotional state is so extreme that it transcends ordinary feelings, banishing hope and ceasing to care, driven only by its intense longing. Quick Tip: Match the emotional tone of a line to the central theme of a poem. Lines about overwhelming, fiery passion are characteristic of "Koel."

Step 1: This question refers to the final wish of the poet in Alexander Pope's "Ode on Solitude."

Step 2: The poem celebrates a life of simplicity, contentment, and anonymity. The poet wishes to live and die away from the notice of the world.

Step 3: In the final stanza, the poet expresses his desire to die "unlamented" and be buried in a place where no "stone" tells where he lies. He does not want his 'grave' to be marked, completing his life's theme of living and dying in quiet obscurity. Quick Tip: A poem's conclusion often summarizes its central theme. The desire for an unmarked grave is the ultimate expression of the wish for a solitary and anonymous life.

Step 1: The question asks to identify the poem containing these lines.

Step 2: The lines describe a magical, fantasy scene with supernatural beings like fairies and gnomes.

Step 3: This imagery is characteristic of the stories told by the title character in Walter de la Mare's poem, "Martha." The lines are a direct quote from the poem, describing the magical world she conjures for her listeners through her enchanting storytelling. Quick Tip: The presence of specific fantasy elements like 'fairies and gnomes' is a very strong clue that points directly to the poem "Martha."

Step 1: This question is based on the essay "What is Wrong with Indian Films" by Satyajit Ray.

Step 2: Ray argues that cinema is a serious art form, just like painting, music, or literature.

Step 3: His point is that cinema should be treated with the same seriousness and should command the same 'respect' as any other form of creative expression. He criticizes the tendency to view cinema as mere entertainment without artistic merit. The marked answer (C) jealousy is incorrect and contrary to the author's argument. Quick Tip: When an author compares one field to another (cinema vs. other arts), it is usually to argue for equal status and respect.

Step 1: The question asks to identify the source poem of the given line.

Step 2: The line refers to 'chariots and sedans,' which are forms of transport associated with city life, wealth, and ease.

Step 3: This line is from the poem "God Made the Country" by William Cowper. The poem contrasts the natural, virtuous life of the country with the artificial, noisy, and idle life of the town. The line describes the town dwellers who travel in comfort, knowing no fatigue, which is part of the poet's critique of the artificiality of city life. Quick Tip: Identify keywords that point to a poem's theme. 'Chariots and sedans' are clear indicators of the urban life that is criticized in "God Made the Country."

Step 1: Change the reporting verb. Since the direct speech is a question, the reporting verb 'said' changes to 'asked'.

Step 2: Remove punctuation. The quotation marks and question mark are removed.

Step 3: Change the verb tense and pronoun. The verb 'can' changes to its past tense form 'could'. The pronoun 'I' changes to 'he' to match the subject.

Step 4: Change the sentence structure. The interrogative structure ("Where can I...") changes to an assertive structure ("where he could..."). This gives the final sentence: "He asked where he could get a book." Quick Tip: In indirect questions, the reporting verb becomes 'asked', and the question's word order (verb-subject) reverts to the normal statement order (subject-verb).

Step 1: Change the reporting verb. 'said to' changes to 'asked' because it's a question.

Step 2: Introduce a conjunction. For yes/no questions, we use 'if' or 'whether'.

Step 3: Change tense and pronouns. The verb 'has come' (Present Perfect) should ideally change to 'had come' (Past Perfect). The pronoun 'your' changes to 'his'. The sentence becomes: "Rima asked Mohan if his result had come out."

Step 4: Evaluate the options. None of the options correctly use the Past Perfect tense. Option (B) is the closest, as it correctly changes the reporting verb and pronoun, but it fails to backshift the tense of 'has come'. Among the given choices, it remains the best fit despite this grammatical imperfection. The marked answer (A) is incorrect because it changes 'said' to 'says' and uses the wrong verb 'are'. Quick Tip: When converting yes/no questions to indirect speech, use 'if' or 'whether'. Remember to change the tense of the verb in the reported clause (e.g., Present Perfect to Past Perfect). When test options are flawed, choose the one with the fewest errors.

Step 1: Analyze the direct speech. The sentence “Please help me in trouble.” is an imperative sentence, specifically a request, indicated by the word "Please".

Step 2: Change the reporting verb. For requests, the reporting verb 'said' should be changed to a more appropriate verb like 'requested' or 'asked'.

Step 3: Convert the verb and remove "Please". The imperative verb 'help' is changed to its infinitive form 'to help'. The word "Please" is removed because its meaning is incorporated into the reporting verb 'requested' or 'asked'.

Step 4: Change the pronoun. The first-person pronoun 'me' changes to the third-person pronoun 'him', referring to Tarun.

Step 5: Construct the final sentence. Combining these changes gives: "Tarun asked me to help him in trouble" or "Tarun requested me to help him in trouble." Option (C) is a correct and standard conversion. Quick Tip: When converting a request (often marked by "Please" or "Kindly") from direct to indirect speech, change the reporting verb to 'requested' or 'asked' and convert the main verb of the request into its infinitive form (to + verb).

Step 1: Convert the reporting verb. The indirect reporting verb 'asked me' is converted back to the direct 'said to me'.

Step 2: Remove the conjunction. The conjunction 'if', used for yes/no questions in indirect speech, is removed.

Step 3: Revert the tense and pronoun. The indirect pronoun 'I' refers to the object 'me', so it reverts to 'you'. The Past Perfect tense ('had posted') reverts to the Present Perfect tense ('have... posted') to form the original question.

Step 4: Add punctuation. Quotation marks and a question mark are added to frame the direct speech, resulting in: He said to me, “Have you posted the letter ?” Quick Tip: To convert an indirect question back to direct, reverse the changes: change 'asked' to 'said to', remove 'if' or 'whether', revert the tense (Past Perfect often goes back to Present Perfect), and add quotation marks and a question mark.

Step 1: Analyze the indirect statement. "Sima said she wanted a new book" is a simple reported statement. The reporting verb is in the past tense ('said').

Step 2: Retain the reporting verb. The reporting verb 'said' remains 'said'.

Step 3: Revert the pronoun and tense. The pronoun 'she' reverts to 'I' (Sima's own word). The verb in the Simple Past tense ('wanted') reverts to the Simple Present tense ('want').

Step 4: Add punctuation. The direct statement is enclosed in quotation marks. This yields: Sima said, “I want a new book.” Quick Tip: When converting a simple reported statement from indirect to direct speech, the most common tense change is from Simple Past back to Simple Present, and the pronoun must be changed to the first person.

Step 1: Analyze the indirect speech. The phrase 'advised me not to go' is a reported negative command or piece of advice.

Step 2: Convert the reporting verb. 'advised me' can be converted back to 'said to me'.

Step 3: Convert the infinitive to imperative form. The negative infinitive structure 'not to go' is reverted to the direct negative imperative 'Don't go'.

Step 4: Add punctuation. The direct command is placed within quotation marks. The correct sentence is: He said to me, “Don't go out at night.” Quick Tip: A reported command in the infinitive form (e.g., 'advised me not to do something') changes back to the direct imperative form ("Don't do something...") in direct speech.

Step 1: Identify the key adjective in the sentence, which is 'jealous'.

Step 2: Recall the standard prepositional phrase associated with this adjective. In English, the adjective 'jealous' is consistently followed by the preposition 'of' to indicate the person or thing that is the object of the jealousy.

Step 3: Apply the rule. The correct sentence is "Everybody is jealous of me." Quick Tip: Many adjectives in English are followed by specific prepositions (collocations). Memorizing these pairs, such as 'jealous of', 'afraid of', or 'interested in', is key to correct usage.

Step 1: Identify the verb, which is 'deals'. This verb forms different phrasal verbs with different prepositions.

Step 2: Analyze the context. The sentence is about commerce involving 'sugar', which is a commodity.

Step 3: Choose the correct phrasal verb. The phrasal verb 'to deal in' specifically means to trade, buy, or sell a particular product. The phrasal verb 'to deal with' means to handle a problem or a person. Therefore, 'in' is the correct preposition. Quick Tip: Pay attention to phrasal verbs. The meaning of a verb like 'deal' can change completely depending on the preposition that follows it. 'Deal in' is for business/trade, while 'deal with' is for management/interaction.

Step 1: Identify the function of the blank in the sentence. It needs to specify the method of travel.

Step 2: Recall the rule for modes of transport. The preposition 'by' is used to indicate the means or mode of transportation, such as by train, by car, by plane, or by boat.

Step 3: Apply the rule. The correct sentence is "My grandmother came by train." Quick Tip: When talking about a mode of transport in general, use the preposition 'by' (e.g., I travel by bus). If you are referring to a specific vehicle, you might use 'in' (for cars/taxis) or 'on' (for buses, trains, planes).

Step 1: Recognize that the phrase "have no use..." is part of a common idiom.

Step 2: Recall the correct structure of the idiom. The expression 'to have a use for something' or 'to have no use for something' means that something is or is not useful to a person.

Step 3: Apply the correct preposition. The idiom requires the preposition 'for'. The correct sentence is "I have no use for it." Quick Tip: Idiomatic expressions often have fixed prepositions. It is important to learn the entire phrase, such as 'to have no use for something', as a single unit.

Step 1: Identify the adjective 'familiar'.

Step 2: Recall the prepositions that follow 'familiar'. 'Familiar with' is used when talking about knowing or being acquainted with something (a fact, a subject, a situation). 'Familiar to' is used when someone or something is recognizable to you.

Step 3: Apply the correct preposition for the context. Since the context is knowledge of 'the situation', 'with' is the correct choice. Quick Tip: Remember the distinction: you are 'familiar with' a topic, but a person's face might be 'familiar to' you.

Step 1: Analyze the sentence structure. The sentence links an action ('suffer') with its cause ('their misdeeds').

Step 2: Determine the correct preposition to show cause or reason for suffering. The preposition 'for' is used to indicate the reason or cause for which a consequence is faced.

Step 3: Apply the preposition. The phrasal verb 'to suffer for' means to endure punishment or negative consequences as a result of one's actions. The correct sentence is "The police will suffer for their misdeeds." Quick Tip: The preposition 'for' is frequently used to provide a reason or purpose. In the context of consequences, it connects the punishment to the crime (e.g., 'punished for stealing', 'suffer for their actions').

Step 1: Analyze the context of the sentence. It is a request to be called after a certain period of time has passed.

Step 2: Recall the prepositions of time. 'In' is used to specify a duration of time at the end of which an action will take place. 'At' specifies a precise time. 'On' is used for days and dates.

Step 3: Apply the correct preposition. "In an hour" means at the end of the one-hour period. Therefore, 'in' is the correct choice. Quick Tip: For future time, use 'in' to denote the end of a period (e.g., "The meeting will start in ten minutes"). Use 'at' for a specific clock time (e.g., "The meeting will start at 10 o'clock").

Step 1: Analyze the sentence structure. The sentence describes a completed action in the past. It's a simple narrative statement about an event that happened.

Step 2: Determine the correct verb tense. For a single, completed action in the past, the Simple Past tense is required.

Step 3: Identify the Simple Past form of the verb 'see'. The past tense of 'see' is 'saw'.

Step 4: Apply the correct verb form. The sentence becomes: "Jai saw the burglar entering his house." Quick Tip: For single, finished actions that occurred at a specific time in the past (even if the time isn't stated), always use the Simple Past tense.

Step 1: Identify the time marker in the sentence. The word 'yesterday' clearly indicates that the action took place in the past.

Step 2: Determine the correct verb tense. A specific time marker in the past ('yesterday') requires the use of the Simple Past tense.

Step 3: Find the Simple Past form of the verb 'scold'. The past tense of the regular verb 'scold' is 'scolded'.

Step 4: Complete the sentence. The correct sentence is: "The teacher scolded the class yesterday." Quick Tip: Time adverbs like 'yesterday', 'last week', 'ago', and 'in 1999' are strong indicators that you must use the Simple Past tense.

Step 1: Analyze the subject and the action. The subject is 'Stars' (plural). The sentence describes a general truth or a habitual action that happens repeatedly.

Step 2: Determine the correct verb tense. For general truths or habitual actions, the Simple Present tense is used.

Step 3: Select the correct verb form for a plural subject. In the Simple Present tense, a plural subject takes the base form of the verb (without '-s').

Step 4: Apply the correct form. The correct verb is 'shine'. The sentence is: "Stars shine all night." Quick Tip: Use the Simple Present tense to state facts, general truths, or actions that happen regularly. Remember that plural subjects take the base form of the verb (e.g., "they go," "stars shine").

Step 1: Identify the key adverb. The word 'usually' indicates a habitual or routine action.

Step 2: Determine the verb tense. For habitual actions, the Simple Present tense is the correct choice.

Step 3: Check the subject-verb agreement. The subject 'Anand' is a third-person singular noun. In the Simple Present tense, a third-person singular subject requires the verb to end in '-s'.

Step 4: Select the correct verb form. The correct form is 'comes'. The sentence is: "Anand usually comes late from work." Quick Tip: Adverbs of frequency like 'usually', 'always', 'often', 'sometimes', and 'never' are strong signals to use the Simple Present tense. Remember the third-person singular '-s' rule.

Step 1: Analyze the verb structure. The sentence uses the construction "will be ...", which is the form of the Future Continuous tense.

Step 2: Understand the Future Continuous tense. This tense is formed with "will be + the present participle (the -ing form of the verb)". It is used to describe an action that will be in progress at a certain time in the future.

Step 3: Identify the present participle of 'leave'. The present participle is 'leaving'.

Step 4: Complete the sentence. The correct sentence is: "I will be leaving for Chennai next week." Quick Tip: The structure "will be" must be followed by the '-ing' form of a verb to create the Future Continuous tense, used for ongoing actions in the future.

Step 1: Analyze the main clause. The main verb is 'promised', which is in the Simple Past tense. This is a reported promise.

Step 2: Apply the rules of reported speech. When the reporting verb is in the past, the verb in the subordinate clause also shifts. A promise about the future, often made with 'will' in direct speech (e.g., "I will work hard"), changes in reported speech.

Step 3: Determine the correct verb shift. In reported speech, 'will' changes to 'would'.

Step 4: Form the correct sentence. The correct completion is "would work". The sentence is: "Yogesh promised that he would work hard." Quick Tip: In reported speech (indirect speech), when the main verb is in the past (like 'said', 'told', 'promised'), 'will' in the original statement changes to 'would'.

Step 1: Analyze the sentence. The sentence states a fact or an ability of a person named Akbar.

Step 2: Determine the correct tense. For stating a general fact or ability, the Simple Present tense is used.

Step 3: Check for subject-verb agreement. The subject 'Akbar' is third-person singular. In the Simple Present tense, this requires the verb to end in '-s'.

Step 4: Choose the correct verb form. The correct form is 'speaks'. The sentence is: "Akbar speaks Urdu very well." Quick Tip: When stating someone's abilities or skills as a general fact, use the Simple Present tense. Remember to add '-s' to the verb for third-person singular subjects (he, she, it, or a single name).

Step 1: Define the given word. 'Urban' relates to a city or town.

Step 2: Define the options. 'Rustic' relates to the countryside, often in a charming or simple way. 'Civil' relates to ordinary citizens. 'Rural' relates to the countryside or areas outside of towns and cities. 'Foreign' relates to another country.

Step 3: Identify the direct opposite. The most direct and common antonym for 'urban' (relating to the city) is 'rural' (relating to the country). 'Rustic' is similar but carries an added connotation of simplicity or charm. Quick Tip: An antonym is a word that means the direct opposite of another. For geographical terms, the most common pair of opposites is Urban/Rural.

Step 1: Define the given word. 'Hazy' means indistinct, vague, or misty; not clear.

Step 2: Define the options. 'Plain' means simple or unadorned. 'Clear' means easy to perceive, understand, or see through; transparent. 'Light' relates to brightness. 'Dull' means lacking interest or brightness.

Step 3: Find the direct opposite. The direct opposite of something being hazy (unclear) is it being 'clear'. Quick Tip: 'Hazy' and 'Clear' are direct antonyms used to describe visibility, understanding, and memory.

Step 1: Define the given word. 'Regard' as a noun means consideration, care, or high opinion of someone. It implies esteem.

Step 2: Define the options. 'Respect' means a feeling of deep admiration for someone's abilities, qualities, or achievements. 'Love' is a strong feeling of deep affection. 'Liking' is a feeling of fondness. 'Suspicion' is a feeling of distrust.

Step 3: Identify the closest meaning. 'Respect' is the closest synonym for 'regard' in the sense of holding someone in high esteem. Quick Tip: A synonym is a word that has the same or a very similar meaning. 'Regard' and 'Respect' are often used interchangeably to mean admiration or high esteem.

Step 1: Define the given word. 'Cease' means to bring or come to an end; to stop.

Step 2: Define the options. 'Begin' is to start. 'Create' is to bring something into existence. 'Stop' is to come to an end. 'Dull' means boring or not bright.

Step 3: Find the word with the same meaning. 'Stop' has the exact same meaning as 'cease'. Quick Tip: 'Cease' is a more formal synonym for 'stop'. They both mean to end an action or state.

Step 1: Identify the tense and structure of the passive sentence. “is made” is the Simple Present Passive. The object is 'Butter', and the subject (agent) is 'us'.

Step 2: Convert to active voice. The subject of the passive sentence ('us') becomes the subject of the active sentence ('We'). The object ('Butter') moves after the verb.

Step 3: Change the verb form. The Simple Present Passive ('is made') changes to the Simple Present Active. For the subject 'We', the correct form is 'make'.

Step 4: Construct the final sentence. The resulting active sentence is: "We make butter from milk." Quick Tip: To change from passive to active, the agent (after 'by') becomes the new subject. The verb tense stays the same but changes form (e.g., Simple Present Passive 'is done' becomes Simple Present Active 'do/does').

Step 1: Identify the tense of the passive sentence. “has been bought” is the Present Perfect Passive. The agent is 'me'.

Step 2: Convert to active voice. The agent 'me' becomes the new subject 'I'. The passive subject 'A new car' becomes the active object.

Step 3: Change the verb form. The Present Perfect Passive ('has been bought') changes to the Present Perfect Active ('have bought' for the subject 'I').

Step 4: Form the active sentence. The correct sentence is: "I have bought a new car." Quick Tip: The tense must be preserved when changing voice. Present Perfect Passive (has/have been + past participle) becomes Present Perfect Active (has/have + past participle).

Step 1: Analyze the passive sentence. "should not be offered" is a passive construction with a modal verb ('should'). The agent (the one performing the action) is implied, not stated.

Step 2: Introduce a logical subject. For general advice or rules, an implied subject like 'You', 'We', or 'One' can be used. The options provide 'You'.

Step 3: Change the verb form. The passive modal ('should not be offered') becomes an active modal ('should not offer').

Step 4: Rearrange the sentence. The indirect object 'Vegetarians' becomes the recipient of the action. The direct object 'meat' is offered. The correct structure is: "You should not offer meat to vegetarians." Quick Tip: When a passive sentence has no 'by...' phrase, you must infer a logical subject for the active voice. For general statements, 'you' or 'we' are common choices.

Step 1: Analyze the sentence. It is a compound imperative (two commands). Each part must be made passive.

Step 2: Convert the first command. "Shut the door" is a command with an object. The passive form for such commands is "Let + object + be + past participle". This becomes "Let the door be shut."

Step 3: Convert the second command. "Leave" is a command without an object. It implies an order given to the listener. Its passive form is "You are ordered to leave."

Step 4: Combine the two parts. The full passive sentence is: "Let the door be shut and you are ordered to leave." Quick Tip: For imperative sentences (commands), if there is an object, use the "Let..." structure for the passive. If there is no object, use a phrase like "You are ordered/requested to...".

Step 1: Identify the components of the active sentence. Subject: 'You', Modal verb: 'must', Main verb: 'hit', Object: 'the nail', Prepositional phrase: 'on the head'.

Step 2: Form the passive structure. The object of the active sentence ('the nail') becomes the subject of the passive sentence.

Step 3: Change the verb form. The active modal verb ('must hit') changes to the passive modal form ('modal + be + past participle'). This becomes 'must be hit'.

Step 4: Construct the final sentence. The complete passive sentence is: "The nail must be hit on the head." Quick Tip: To make a sentence with a modal verb (must, should, can, will) passive, use the formula: Object + modal verb + be + past participle.

Step 1: Analyze the given sentence. "Have this lock broken" is a causative sentence. It means to cause or arrange for someone else to perform an action. It functions as a command.

Step 2: Find the standard passive imperative form. The most common and direct way to express a command in the passive voice is to use the structure "Let + object + be + past participle."

Step 3: Apply this structure. Following the formula, the sentence becomes: "Let this lock be broken." This is the most appropriate passive voice equivalent among the choices. Quick Tip: While causative sentences like "Have something done" are a form of passive construction, the standard passive imperative is formed with "Let...". It is often the expected answer when asked to convert a command to the passive voice.

Step 1: Identify the tense of the Hindi sentence. "जा चुके हैं" (ja chuke hain) is the Present Perfect tense, indicating a recently completed action.

Step 2: Identify the subject. "वे लोग" (ve log) means "they" or "those people" and is a plural subject.

Step 3: Translate into English. The Present Perfect tense in English is formed with 'have/has + past participle'. For a plural subject ('they'), the correct form is 'have gone'.

Step 4: Construct the sentence. The correct translation is "They have gone to school." Option (B) is incorrect because 'has' is for singular subjects. Quick Tip: The Hindi structure "verb stem + चुका है / चुकी है / चुके हैं" translates to the English Present Perfect tense ("has/have + past participle").

Step 1: Analyze the Hindi sentence. "अध्ययन करो" (adhyayan karo) is an imperative verb, meaning it is a command or piece of advice: "Study!".

Step 2: Translate the adverb. "नियमित रूप से" (niyamit roop se) is an adverb meaning "regularly".

Step 3: Combine the parts correctly. In English, an adverb modifies a verb. The adverb 'regularly' should modify the verb 'study'.

Step 4: Form the correct command. The correct English imperative is "Study regularly." Option (B) is incorrect because 'regular' is an adjective, not an adverb. Quick Tip: Commands (imperative sentences) in English start with the base form of the verb. Adverbs are used to describe how the action should be done.

Step 1: Identify the tense of the Hindi sentence. The verb "पाया" (paaya) is the Simple Past tense of 'to find'.

Step 2: Translate the verb. The English equivalent is 'found'. This eliminates options (A) and (C).

Step 3: Translate the state of the object. "सोया हुआ" (soya hua) describes the state of "मुझे" (me) at the time of the action. It means 'sleeping' or 'asleep'.

Step 4: Choose the correct structure. The structure "found + object + present participle (-ing)" is used to describe finding someone in the middle of an action. "He found me sleeping" is the most natural and accurate translation. "He found me asleep" is also grammatically correct but "सोया हुआ" more strongly implies the ongoing state of sleeping. Quick Tip: The structure "Verb + Object + Present Participle (-ing)" is very common in English to describe a continuous action that is observed, e.g., "I saw him running," "She heard them talking," "He found me sleeping."

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Step 1: Find the part of the passage that describes the end of Jahanara's life.
The text says, "Before her death, however, she gave away all she had to the needy and the poor."

Step 2: State the action.
Before her death, Jahanara gave away all her possessions to the needy and the poor. Quick Tip: For reading comprehension, always find the exact sentence or phrase in the passage that directly answers the question. This ensures your answer is accurate and based on the provided text.