TISSNET 2024 Social Work Question Paper (Available) - Download Solution Pdf with Answer Key

Solution:
Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development represent how thinking evolves:

• Sensory Motor Stage (0-2 years): Infants learn by coordinating sensory input with motor actions, developing object permanence.
• Pre-operational Stage (2-7 years): Characterized by symbolic thinking, imagination, and egocentric thought, but lacking logical reasoning.
• Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years): Logical thinking emerges. Children understand concepts like conservation and classification.
• Formal Operational Stage (12+ years): Abstract reasoning and the ability to hypothesize and deduce emerge.

Solution:
Mission Vatsalaya was introduced by the Ministry of Women and Child Development to enhance child welfare and ensure a robust ecosystem for child development. The scheme integrates services for child protection, including education, healthcare, and nutrition, while ensuring that children in need are supported in institutional and non-institutional setups.

Solution:
Non-statutory and non-institutional services include:

• Orphanages run by NGOs: Aimed at providing care and support without statutory obligations.
• Probation: A community-based service allowing children to stay with families while receiving guidance and supervision.

Statutory services like Child Care Institutions are governed by the Juvenile Justice Act.

Solution:
The Ramsar Convention, adopted in 1971, is an international treaty focused on the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. Wetlands play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity, regulating the climate, and supporting water purification and flood control.

Solution:
Tropical rainforests like the Amazon play a critical role in:

• Regulating global temperature and climate by acting as major carbon sinks.
• Maintaining the water cycle through processes like evapotranspiration.
• Mitigating floods by stabilizing soil and reducing surface runoff.

Contrary to the statement, they support ecological stability, aiding food security indirectly.

Solution:
Project Tiger, launched in 1973, is a flagship conservation initiative aimed at tiger protection. Key strategies include:

• Establishing buffer zones for conservation-compatible land use.
• Utilizing wireless communication and enhanced patrolling systems, significantly reducing poaching activities.

Statements 1 and 2 are incorrect as the project started in 1973, and human entry was regulated, not entirely prohibited.

Solution:
The United Nations designated 2005-2015 as the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. This initiative aimed to integrate principles of sustainable development into education systems globally, fostering a culture of environmental awareness, equity, and resource conservation.

Solution:
The chronological order is as follows:

• Forest Survey of India (1981): Established to conduct regular assessments of forest resources.
• Earth Summit (1992): Global environmental conference focusing on sustainable development.
• Biological Diversity Act (2002): Enacted to preserve biodiversity and equitable sharing of its benefits.
• National Biodiversity Action Plan (2008): Outlined strategies for biodiversity conservation in India.

Solution:
This matching corresponds to the timeline of significant solar and renewable energy initiatives in India:

• National Solar Mission was launched in 2010 as part of the National Action Plan on Climate Change.
• Roof Top Solar Programme gained prominence in 2015 to promote decentralized solar energy generation.
• The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy replaced its predecessor in 2006 to oversee renewable energy initiatives.
• The Department of Non-Conventional Energy Resources was established in 1982, laying the foundation for renewable energy development.

Solution:
Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India by Gail Omvedt examines grassroots movements in India, particularly focusing on Dalit, feminist, and peasant struggles. The book bridges the gap between traditional socialist ideologies and contemporary socio-political movements.

Solution:
The Indian National Freedom Movement is categorized as a resistance movement because it systematically opposed British colonial rule. It employed diverse methods, including non-violent civil disobedience led by Mahatma Gandhi, revolutionary activities by groups like Bhagat Singh's Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, and legal reforms advocated by Indian National Congress leaders. The movement symbolized collective opposition and resilience, inspiring global anti-colonial efforts.

Solution:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy established the Brahmo Samaj in 1828. This socio-religious reform movement aimed to modernize Hindu society by promoting monotheism and opposing practices like Sati, child marriage, and caste discrimination. The Brahmo Samaj encouraged rational thought and education, contributing significantly to the Indian Renaissance.

Solution:
Daniel Lerner's book, "The Passing of Traditional Society,” explores the relationship between modernization and social change. It highlights the transformative role of media, literacy, and communication in traditional societies, driving economic and cultural development. Lerner's work provides a framework for understanding the transition from agrarian to industrial societies.

Solution:
The matching elucidates key sociological concepts:

• Prejudice: Preconceived, often negative ideas about individuals/groups resistant to evidence.
• Stereotype: Rigid, oversimplified beliefs about a group.
• Social Exclusion: Marginalization preventing full societal participation.
• Discrimination: Actions that lead to exclusion based on group identity.

Solution:
The Bhakti Movement, which originated in South India and spread across the subcontinent, emphasized devotion to a single deity, equality, and rejection of caste distinctions. Key figures included:

• Kabir: A poet-saint who preached against rituals and superstitions.
• Guru Nanak: Founder of Sikhism, emphasized universal brotherhood and devotion.
• Basaveshwara: A social reformer and founder of the Lingayat sect in Karnataka.

Rana Sambha was not associated with the Bhakti Movement.

Solution:
The four ashramas, or stages of life, as outlined in the Jabala Upanishad, are:

• Brahmacharya (Student Life): Focus on learning and self-discipline.
• Grahastha (Householder Life): Responsibility towards family and society.
• Vanprastha (Hermit Life): Gradual detachment from worldly responsibilities.
• Sanyasa (Renunciation): Complete renunciation of material pursuits for spiritual goals.

Solution:
Vilfredo Pareto, an Italian sociologist and economist, proposed the cyclical theory of societal change. He argued that societies alternate between periods of vigor and decline, driven by the rise and fall of elites. He also introduced:

• Rentiers: Individuals favoring stability and long-term investment.
• Speculators: Risk-takers who seek short-term gains and innovation.

His work remains foundational in understanding political dynamics and elite theory.

Solution:
A transcultural society emphasizes mutual exchange and integration of cultural practices, fostering a sense of unity and diversity. The "give and take" principle highlights the dynamic interaction where cultures adapt and share values, traditions, and practices, leading to coexistence and enrichment.

Solution:
Gandhi envisioned Gram Swarajya (village self-rule) as a self-sufficient and self-governing community that promotes decentralization. Key features include:

• Self-governing: Local decision-making and governance.
• Self-supporting: Economic independence through sustainable practices.

Solution:
All the listed acts and policies are part of India's environmental legislation framework:

• Forest Act: Regulates forest use and conservation.
• Environment Conservation Act: Focuses on protecting the environment from industrial and developmental impacts.
• National Forest Policy: A policy framework promoting forest conservation and sustainable development.
• Wildlife Protection Act: Aims to conserve wildlife and biodiversity by regulating hunting, poaching, and trade of species.

Solution:
The Ministry of Women and Child Development oversees several autonomous organizations, including:

• Central Adoption Resource Agency (CARA): Promotes and regulates adoptions in India.
• National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development (NIPCCD): Provides training and research on child development.
• National Institute of Social Defence (NISD): Addresses social welfare issues, including addiction and elderly care.
• National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR): Ensures the protection of children's rights.

Solution:
Arnold Toynbee defines a civilization as a cultural system that transcends national and state boundaries. Key characteristics include:

• A shared ethical and religious framework.
• Unified customs, institutions, and ideologies.
• Influence over vast regions, often shaping global history.

Examples include the Greco-Roman, Indic, and Sinic civilizations.

Solution:
Oswald Spengler proposed a cyclical theory of social change in his work "The Decline of the West." Key ideas include:

• Civilizations follow a life cycle: birth, growth, maturity, decline, and death.
• Cultural expressions and societal dynamics are linked to this cycle.

Spengler's theory contrasts with linear theories like Marx's historical materialism.

Solution:
The Halpati and Jeeta systems are forms of bonded labor prevalent in specific Indian regions. Key features include:

• Exploitation of laborers under debt obligations.
• Restrictions on the freedom to change employers.

These practices are illegal under the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976.

Solution:
The correct chronological order of peasant movements is:

• Bengal Revolt (1859–1860): Protest against the indigo planters.
• Champaran Satyagraha (1917): Led by Mahatma Gandhi to address the grievances of indigo farmers.
• Bardoli Satyagraha (1928): Led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel against increased taxation.
• Telangana Movement (1946–1951): Revolt by peasants against feudal oppression.

Solution:
The matching of concepts with their explanations highlights:

• Sovereignty: Supreme authority over a defined territory.
• Structure: Regular and recurrent patterns of interactions within a system.
• Fordism: Mass production of standardized products using assembly lines.
• Post-Fordism: Flexible production systems, often involving outsourcing and multinational collaboration.

Solution:
The matching of concepts with their explanations highlights:

• Sovereignty: Supreme authority over a defined territory.
• Structure: Regular and recurrent patterns of interactions within a system.
• Fordism: Mass production of standardized products using assembly lines.
• Post-Fordism: Flexible production systems, often involving outsourcing and multinational collaboration.

Solution:
The Representation of People Act, 1950, lays down the framework for:

• Preparation of electoral rolls.
• Determining voter eligibility.
• Ensuring universal adult suffrage for Indian citizens.
This Act serves as the foundation for fair and transparent electoral processes in India.

Solution:
The 73rd Amendment Act, 1992, introduced:

• Decentralized governance through Panchayati Raj institutions.
• Provisions for Gram Sabhas and direct elections to Panchayats.
• Reservation for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women in Panchayati Raj institutions.
It empowers rural self-governance and strengthens local democracy.

Solution:
The Fundamental Duties were added to the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, based on recommendations by the Swarna Singh Committee. These duties:

• Emphasize moral obligations of citizens.
• Promote respect for the Constitution, the national flag, and the national anthem.
• Encourage environmental protection and scientific temper.

Solution:
The State is responsible for implementing the Directive Principles of State Policy as outlined in Part IV of the Constitution. These principles:

• Guide policy-making for social and economic welfare.
• Aim to establish a just society by addressing inequality and poverty.
• Include goals like free education, public health, and equal pay for equal work.
While non-justiciable, these principles are fundamental to governance.

Solution:
The chronological order of establishment is as follows:

• Indian Forest College (1938): Focused on training forest officers.
• Wildlife Institute of India (1982): Specializes in wildlife research and training.
• Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy (1987): Offers advanced training for Indian Forest Service officers.
• National Green Corps (2001): Promotes environmental awareness among school students.

Solution:
The functional aspects of an ecosystem involve:

• Energy Cycles: Movement of energy through food chains and webs.
• Producers: Organisms that synthesize energy through photosynthesis.
• Micro consumers: Decomposers that recycle nutrients in the ecosystem.

Solution:
Secondary pollutants form as a result of chemical reactions between primary pollutants and natural atmospheric compounds. Examples include:

• Ozone: Formed by the reaction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with nitrogen oxides (NOx) in sunlight.
• Smog: A mixture of pollutants formed through complex reactions.

Solution:
Gabion structures are stone-filled wire mesh containers used for:

• Erosion control: Stabilizing slopes and riverbanks.
• Water flow management: Reducing flood risks.
• Reinforcement: Supporting retaining walls and other constructions.

Solution:
The Environment Protection Act of 1986 provides the legal framework for:
• Preventing environmental pollution.
• Setting environmental quality standards.
• Addressing environmental hazards.
It was enacted following the Bhopal gas tragedy to strengthen environmental governance.

Solution:
Edward O. Wilson popularized the term sociobiology, defining it as the systematic study of the biological basis of all social behavior. Sociobiology explains how evolutionary principles influence social behaviors in humans and other animals.

Solution:
Groupthink occurs when a group prioritizes consensus over critical evaluation of alternatives, leading to poor decisions. Symptoms include suppression of dissenting viewpoints and illusion of unanimity. Strategies to avoid groupthink involve encouraging open dialogue and appointing a devil's advocate.

Solution:
Client-Centered Therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, is a humanistic approach emphasizing:

• Unconditional Positive Regard: Accepting clients without judgment.
• Empathy: Understanding clients' perspectives and emotions.
• Congruence: Genuine communication by the therapist.
This approach helps individuals explore their potential and achieve personal growth.

Solution:
Systematic Desensitization, developed by Joseph Wolpe, is a therapeutic method used to reduce phobias and anxiety by:

• Gradual exposure to anxiety-inducing stimuli.
• Teaching relaxation techniques to counteract fear responses.
This approach is based on the principles of classical conditioning and reciprocal inhibition.

Solution:
Catharsis refers to the process of releasing suppressed emotions to achieve emotional relief. This concept was introduced in psychoanalytic theory by Sigmund Freud and has been used in therapeutic settings to help clients confront and process emotions.

Solution:
The correct matches align the Lok Sabha sessions with their respective Speakers:

• Fourteenth Lok Sabha: Somnath Chatterjee
• Fifteenth Lok Sabha: Meira Kumar
• Sixteenth Lok Sabha: Sumitra Mahajan
• Seventeenth Lok Sabha: Om Birla

Solution:
The chronological sequence is as follows:

• China's Control over Tibet (1950)
• Panchsheel Agreement (1954)
• First NAM Summit (1961)
• Asylum of Dalai Lama in India (1959)

Solution:
The fundamental rights enshrined in the Indian Constitution include:

• Equality before law (Article 14): Ensures equal treatment under the law.
• Prohibition of discrimination (Article 15): Prevents discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
• Equality of opportunity (Article 16): Guarantees equal opportunity in public employment.
• The Right to Property was removed from the fundamental rights list by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978.

Solution:
NITI Aayog, established in 2015, replaced the Planning Commission to foster cooperative federalism. It emphasizes strategic policy-making, decentralized planning, and aligning with sustainable development goals.

Solution:
The unemployment rate is an economic indicator representing the percentage of people in the labor force who are actively looking for jobs but unable to find one. It reflects the health of the economy and workforce utilization.

Solution:
This matching defines key economic terms:

• Capital: A produced factor of production.
• Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR): The portion of deposits that banks must maintain with the Reserve Bank of India.
• Corporate Tax: Taxes on private sector firms' income.
• Consumer Durables: Long-lasting goods consumed over time.

Solution:
The chronological order of events:

• The first Cotton Mill in India was established in 1854.
• The Swadeshi Movement began in 1905 as part of the freedom struggle.
• The First Fiscal Commission recommendations were accepted in 1921.
• The Second World War took place from 1939 to 1945.

Solution:
Rural communities are characterized by:

• Dominance of primary relations: Close personal relationships within the community.
• Agriculture and allied activities: The main livelihood for most rural populations.

Solution:
Key healthcare initiatives and their respective launch years:

• Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (2016)
• Mission Indradhanush (2014)
• National Rural Health Mission (2005)
• Muskan Initiative (2021)

Solution:
Emotions significantly impact:

• Perception, thinking, and behavior (e.g., decision-making).
• Learning processes by influencing motivation and focus.
Emotional and cognitive development are interrelated and mutually impactful.

Solution:
Charles Horton Cooley, an American sociologist, authored the book "Human Nature and Social Order." He emphasized the role of society in shaping individual identity through social interaction. Cooley's concept of the "looking-glass self" is foundational in understanding how individuals form their self-image based on others' perceptions.

Solution:
Social order refers to the system of norms, values, and practices that organize and regulate human behavior to maintain stability and predictability within a society. This includes laws, customs, and social institutions that foster cooperation and prevent chaos.

Solution:
Emile Durkheim, a prominent sociologist, defined social facts as external constraints imposed on individuals by society, such as laws, norms, and cultural expectations. These forces are independent of individual wills but shape collective behavior and maintain social cohesion.

Solution:
Mental age is an individual's cognitive ability compared to the average cognitive level of their chronological age group. It is a concept used to evaluate intellectual functioning and is a key component in calculating the Intelligence Quotient (IQ), where IQ = (Mental Age / Chronological Age) × 100.

Solution:
Elwin Verrier, a distinguished anthropologist, authored "The Aboriginals," focusing on the lifestyles, cultures, and challenges of indigenous tribes in India. His work provides deep insights into tribal societies and their interactions with broader socio-economic systems.