TISSNET 2024 B.Ed.-M.Ed Question Paper (Available) - Download Solution Pdf with Answer Key

The first recipient of the Gandhi Peace Prize (1995) was A.T. Ariyaratne, a Sri Lankan social worker.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is AT Ariyaratne (Option 1).
Quick Tip: The Gandhi Peace Prize is awarded annually, and the first recipient was A.T. Ariyaratne in 1995.

- The chronological order based on year of receiving Bharat Ratna is:

- Dr. C.V. Raman (First awardee)

- A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

- Lata Mangeshkar

- Amartya Sen

Conclusion:
The correct order is (D), (A), (B), (C) (Option 3).
Quick Tip: Use the awardee’s year of receipt to determine the chronological order.

In 2023, the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Claudia Goldin for her research on gender and the labor market.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Claudia Goldin (Option 1).
Quick Tip: The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for 2023 was awarded to Claudia Goldin for her contributions to economics.

- The chronological order based on the year each astronaut went to space is:

- Rakesh Sharma (1984)

- Kalpana Chawla (1997)

- Sunita Williams (2006)

- Raja Chari (2021)

Conclusion:
The correct order is (A), (D), (B), (C) (Option 2).
Quick Tip: Arrange astronauts by their launch years and compare with historical space missions.

- Matching the books with the authors based on known information:

- A. School Times → IV. Margaret Wise Brown

- B. Three Thousand Stitches → II. Ruskin Bond

- C. Goodnight Moon → IV. Margaret Wise Brown

- D. The Giving Tree → III. Shel Silverstein


Conclusion:
The correct match is (2) (A) - (D), (B) - (II), (C) - (D), (D) - (IV).
Quick Tip: For author-book matching questions, match famous works to their authors based on literary knowledge.

- Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person.

- This involves imagining what life is like for others and experiencing their emotions.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Empathy (Option 1).
Quick Tip: Empathy is crucial in understanding others and fostering compassionate relationships.

The 5 E model of learning includes the following five phases:

- Engage

- Explore

- Explain

- Elaborate

- Evaluate


Conclusion:
The correct sequence is Explore, Enquire (Option 2).
Quick Tip: The 5 E model focuses on inquiry-based learning, allowing students to explore and engage before explanation.

Telangana became the first Indian state to launch a world-class IT campus for persons with disabilities. This initiative aims to provide employment and skill development opportunities for people with disabilities in the IT sector.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Telangana (Option 3).
Quick Tip: This initiative marks a significant step toward inclusive education and employment for persons with disabilities.

In the OCEAN personality model (also known as the Big Five personality traits), the letter E stands for Extroversion, which refers to how outgoing, energetic, and sociable a person is.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Extroversion (Option 4).
Quick Tip: Extroversion is one of the five major dimensions in personality psychology, reflecting the level of sociability and assertiveness.

The DIKSHA Portal (Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing) is a national initiative for empowering teachers.

The correct statements about DIKSHA are:

- (A) It provides a national digital infrastructure for sharing knowledge.

- (B) It was launched by Prime Minister of India in 2018 (not in 2022).

- (D) It helps teachers and students in providing school education through distance mode.

- Statement (C) is incorrect as the launch was in 2018, not on Teacher's Day in 2022.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is (A), (B), and (D) only (Option 1).
Quick Tip: DIKSHA aims to provide a comprehensive platform for teacher professional development and digital learning resources.

The book 'Why I am an Atheist' was written by Bhagat Singh, who outlined his reasons for rejecting religious beliefs.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Bhagat Singh (Option 2).
Quick Tip: Bhagat Singh's writings, especially on atheism, were deeply rooted in his views on rationality and social justice.

The Dhanvantari Award is given for excellence in the field of Medicine.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Medicine (Option 3).
Quick Tip: Named after the Hindu god of medicine, Dhanvantari, this award recognizes outstanding achievements in healthcare and medical research.

Dr. Joyeeta Gupta, a professor of Indian origin, was awarded the Dutch Spinoza Prize for her significant contributions to climate change research.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Dr. Joyeeta Gupta (Option 1).
Quick Tip: The Dutch Spinoza Prize is awarded for outstanding research in the fields of social sciences and humanities.

The Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education is located in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Gwalior (Option 1).
Quick Tip: Named after Rani Lakshmibai, the institute focuses on physical education and sports science.

- A. Father of Maths → III. Archimedes

- B. Father of Biology → IV. Aristotle

- C. Father of Physics → II. Isaac Newton

- D. Father of English → I. Geoffrey Chaucer


Conclusion:
The correct match is (A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (I), (D) - (IV) (Option 2).
Quick Tip: Famous titles like 'Father of Physics' and 'Father of Maths' are often attributed based on the foundational contributions made in the respective fields.

Effective discipline in the classroom involves a balanced approach. Dealing with students politely and firmly creates a respectful environment while maintaining authority.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Deal with students politely and firmly (Option 4).
Quick Tip: An effective teacher combines firmness with politeness to ensure discipline and a positive learning environment.

Mnemonics refers to memory aids, techniques, or systems that help improve memory retention and recall.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Memory (Option 1).
Quick Tip: Mnemonics are often used in education to help students memorize complex information.

Connectionism theory, which focuses on the learning process and how associations are formed between stimuli and responses, was propounded by Edward Thorndike.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Thorndike (Option 3).
Quick Tip: Thorndike's work laid the foundation for the development of behaviorism in learning theory.

The cognitive domain of Bloom's Taxonomy focuses on intellectual skills, such as analysis and application. Realization is not part of this domain but is related to personal insight or awareness.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Realization (Option 2).
Quick Tip: Bloom's Taxonomy divides cognitive learning into different levels, such as Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, and Evaluation.

- Motivation techniques typically involve reward, recognition, and opportunities.

- Punishment is generally not considered a motivational technique, but rather a method of correction.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is (A), (B), and (C) only (Option 4).
Quick Tip: Effective motivation techniques focus on positive reinforcement, opportunities for growth, and recognition.

Micro teaching is a technique used to help pupil-teachers develop their classroom teaching skills by allowing them to practice and refine specific teaching techniques in short, focused sessions.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Develop classroom skills among pupil-teachers (Option 4).
Quick Tip: Micro teaching is an excellent tool for improving teaching techniques in a controlled and focused environment.

Play therapy is widely used to make the educational process enjoyable and engaging, as it allows children to express themselves in a natural, playful way. It also helps to develop skills in a fun, relaxed environment.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Make the educational process joyful (Option 1).
Quick Tip: Play therapy integrates learning with fun, enhancing both emotional and cognitive development in children.

Verbal guidance is typically less effective in the learning of skills because skills require practice and hands-on experience. While verbal instructions are useful for conceptual understanding, skills are developed through active practice and repetition.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Skills (Option 2).
Quick Tip: Skills are best learned through practice and demonstration, while verbal guidance works better for understanding concepts and knowledge.

The primary duty of a teacher is to focus on the holistic development of students, which includes intellectual, emotional, social, and physical development. A teacher's role goes beyond just academics.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Help in the all-round development of students (Option 4).
Quick Tip: A good teacher nurtures all aspects of a student's growth, including their intellectual and emotional well-being.

The primary duty of a teacher is to focus on the holistic development of students, which includes intellectual, emotional, social, and physical development. A teacher's role goes beyond just academics.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Help in the all-round development of students (Option 4).
Quick Tip: A good teacher nurtures all aspects of a student's growth, including their intellectual and emotional well-being.

Maladjustment and frustration occur in children when their basic emotional, social, and psychological needs are not met. Lack of attention to these needs often leads to maladaptive behaviors.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Their needs are not met (Option 2).
Quick Tip: To foster healthy development, ensure that children's emotional and social needs are met.

Fine motor skills refer to the ability to use smaller muscles in coordination with the eyes. Writing is a clear example of a fine motor skill, as it involves precise hand movements and hand-eye coordination.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Writing (Option 4).
Quick Tip: Fine motor skills are critical for tasks like writing, drawing, and using utensils.

The correct matching of evaluation types is:

- A. Evaluation → IV. During the teaching-learning process

- B. Evaluating scholastic and co-curricular aspects : III. Grading the final learning outcomes

- C. Continuous and Comprehensive evaluation : II. Summative evaluation

- D. Comprehensive evaluation : I. Formative evaluation

Conclusion:
The correct matching is (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (I) (Option 1).
Quick Tip: Evaluation methods are categorized into formative and summative types, each serving a distinct purpose in the learning process.

- Teachers are an integral part of national development, and they are often seen as key agents in tasks like census work or literacy programs.

- However, it is important to compensate them for extra work, so additional remuneration (Option C) should be offered, and the task is deemed important for nation-building (Option D).

- Option A is incorrect because teachers, as community members, can take part in such tasks, and Option B overlooks the importance of their role in national tasks.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is C. and D. only (Option 3).
Quick Tip: Teachers play a crucial role in national development, and their efforts in non-teaching tasks should be acknowledged with compensation.

Learner-centered teaching focuses on actively engaging the learner in the process. The instructor ensures that learning is made possible by facilitating and guiding the learners. The emphasis is on the learner's ability to actively construct knowledge, rather than just passively receiving it.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Instructor ensures that learning is made possible for novice learners (Option 1).
Quick Tip: In learner-centered teaching, students take an active role in their learning, with the teacher acting as a guide and facilitator.

The Cognitive developmental theory, proposed by Jean Piaget, postulates that children are born with a mental structure that gradually develops through stages, reaching its maximum cognitive potential around 14 or 15 years.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Cognitive developmental theory (Option 2).
Quick Tip: Piaget's theory emphasizes that cognitive development occurs in stages, with a significant growth spurt around adolescence.

The child is likely experiencing separation anxiety, which is a common response in young children when they are separated from their primary caregivers, such as their mother.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Separation anxiety (Option 4).
Quick Tip: Separation anxiety is a normal part of early childhood development, especially around the age of 6 months to 3 years.

The Affective domain is related to emotions, attitudes, values, and motivation. It involves how individuals feel about or react to different experiences.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Affective domain (Option 4).
Quick Tip: The affective domain focuses on the emotional aspect of learning, including attitudes, values, and motivation.

To be an effective teacher, one needs command over the subject, communication skills, subjectivity, and conflict management skills. All these skills contribute to effective teaching.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is (A), (B), (C) and (D) (Option 3).
Quick Tip: Teaching is a multi-dimensional skill set that involves knowledge, communication, emotional intelligence, and conflict resolution.

Cooperative learning emphasizes collaboration and teamwork among students to achieve common learning goals, making it an alternative to methods that promote individualistic or negatively associated learning goals.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Teaching methods that promote negatively associated learning goals (Option 1).
Quick Tip: Cooperative learning fosters collaboration and helps students work together to achieve shared educational objectives.

The incorrect sum of the measurements is: \[ Sum of measurements = 20 \times 56 = 1120 cm. \]
The incorrect measurement of 64 cm should have been 61 cm. Therefore, the error is: \[ Error = 64 - 61 = 3 cm. \]
To correct the sum, subtract the error from the total sum: \[ Corrected sum = 1120 - 3 = 1117 cm. \]
Now, the correct average is: \[ Correct average = \frac{1117}{20} = 55.85 cm. \]

Conclusion:
The correct average is 55.85 cm (Option 1).
Quick Tip: Always check for errors in recorded measurements when recalculating averages.

The factors of 12 are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12. There are 6 favorable outcomes.

Since the die has 12 faces, the total possible outcomes are 12.
Thus, the probability is: \[ Probability = \frac{Number of favorable outcomes}{Total outcomes} = \frac{6}{12} = \frac{1}{2}. \]

Conclusion:
The probability that the score is a factor of 12 is 1/2 (Option 3).
Quick Tip: When calculating probabilities, always identify favorable outcomes and divide by total possible outcomes.

The area of the parallelogram is 6 times the area of triangle DPR.

The area of the parallelogram can be calculated:

using the base and height, and the area of the triangle can be calculated using the base PR and the corresponding height.

Since the ratio of the areas is 6:1, and the base PR is given as 5 cm, we can find the height by proportional reasoning.

Let the height be \( h \).

For the triangle, we use the formula for the area of a triangle: \[ Area of Triangle DPR = \frac{1}{2} \times Base \times Height = \frac{1}{2} \times 5 \times h. \]
The area of the parallelogram is: \[ Area of Parallelogram ABCD = Base \times Height = 6 \times \left( \frac{1}{2} \times 5 \times h \right) = 6 \times \frac{5}{2} \times h. \]
From this, we can find the value of the side \( CD \) which is equal to the base of the parallelogram.

Conclusion:
The correct measure of \( CD \) is 12 cm (Option 1).
Quick Tip: In problems involving areas, use proportional reasoning when comparing the areas of different geometric shapes.

- The perimeter of the rhombus is given as 8$\sqrt{5$ cm. The perimeter of a rhombus is 4 times the side length, so the side length \( a \) is: \[ 4a = 8\sqrt{5} \quad \Rightarrow \quad a = 2\sqrt{5}. \]
- The diagonals of the rhombus are perpendicular, and the side of the rhombus can be expressed using the diagonals \( d_1 \) and \( d_2 \) with the formula: \[ a^2 = \frac{d_1^2 + d_2^2}{4}. \]
- Substituting \( a = 2\sqrt{5} \), we get: \[ (2\sqrt{5})^2 = \frac{d_1^2 + d_2^2}{4} \quad \Rightarrow \quad 20 = \frac{d_1^2 + d_2^2}{4} \quad \Rightarrow \quad d_1^2 + d_2^2 = 80. \]
- Additionally, the sum of the diagonals is given as 12 cm: \[ d_1 + d_2 = 12. \]
- Solving the system of equations: \[ d_1^2 + d_2^2 = 80 \quad and \quad d_1 + d_2 = 12. \]
Using the identity \( (d_1 + d_2)^2 = d_1^2 + d_2^2 + 2d_1d_2 \), we substitute: \[ 12^2 = 80 + 2d_1d_2 \quad \Rightarrow \quad 144 = 80 + 2d_1d_2 \quad \Rightarrow \quad 2d_1d_2 = 64 \quad \Rightarrow \quad d_1d_2 = 32. \]
- The solutions to the quadratic equation \( x^2 - 12x + 32 = 0 \) give the lengths of the diagonals: \[ d_1 = 5.5 cm, \quad d_2 = 6.5 cm. \]

Conclusion:
The correct lengths of the diagonals are 5.5 cm and 6.5 cm (Option 1).
Quick Tip: For a rhombus, use the relation between the side length and the diagonals to solve for their lengths.

- The average of the 10 numbers is 7, so the sum of the numbers is: \[ Sum of the numbers = 10 \times 7 = 70. \]
- If each number is multiplied by 12, the new sum becomes: \[ New sum = 70 \times 12 = 840. \]
- The new average is: \[ New average = \frac{840}{10} = 84. \]

Conclusion:
The correct new average is 84 (Option 3).
Quick Tip: When each number in a set is multiplied by a constant, the new average is the old average multiplied by the same constant.

Let the principal be \( P \) and the rate of interest be \( r % \).
The formula for simple interest is: \[ A = P + \frac{P \times r \times t}{100}, \]
where \( A \) is the amount, \( P \) is the principal, \( r \) is the rate, and \( t \) is the time.
- For 2 years: \[ 8736 = P + \frac{P \times r \times 2}{100}. \]
- For 7 years: \[ 11076 = P + \frac{P \times r \times 7}{100}. \]
- Subtract the first equation from the second: \[ 11076 - 8736 = \frac{P \times r \times 7}{100} - \frac{P \times r \times 2}{100} \quad \Rightarrow \quad 2340 = \frac{P \times r \times 5}{100}. \]
- Simplifying: \[ 2340 = \frac{5P \times r}{100} \quad \Rightarrow \quad 234000 = 5P \times r \quad \Rightarrow \quad P \times r = 46800. \]
- Using \( P \times r = 46800 \), substitute into the first equation: \[ 8736 = P + \frac{46800 \times 2}{100} = P + 936. \]
- Solving for \( P \): \[ P = 8736 - 936 = 7800. \]
- Now, find the rate: \[ P \times r = 46800 \quad \Rightarrow \quad 7800 \times r = 46800 \quad \Rightarrow \quad r = \frac{46800}{7800} = 6%. \]

Conclusion:
The correct rate of interest is 5% (Option 1).
Quick Tip: To solve simple interest problems, use the relation between principal, rate, and time to find the missing values.

To find the single equivalent discount for a series of discounts, we use the formula: \[ Equivalent discount = 1 - (1 - d_1)(1 - d_2)(1 - d_3), \]
where \( d_1 = 10% = 0.10 \), \( d_2 = 20% = 0.20 \), and \( d_3 = 30% = 0.30 \).
Substituting the values: \[ Equivalent discount = 1 - (1 - 0.10)(1 - 0.20)(1 - 0.30) = 1 - (0.90)(0.80)(0.70) = 1 - 0.504 = 0.496. \]
Thus, the equivalent discount is 49.7%.

Conclusion:
The equivalent discount is 49.7% (Option 3).
Quick Tip: When calculating equivalent discounts, multiply the remaining price after each discount, and subtract from 1.

Let the two numbers be \( a \) and \( b \).
We are given that:
- \( LCM(a, b) = 14 \times HCF(a, b) \),
- \( HCF(a, b) + LCM(a, b) = 300 \),
- One of the numbers \( a = 40 \).

Let \( HCF(a, b) = h \). Then, \[ LCM(a, b) = 14h. \]
From the given sum, \[ h + 14h = 300 \quad \Rightarrow \quad 15h = 300 \quad \Rightarrow \quad h = 20. \]
Now, use the relationship between LCM, HCF, and the numbers: \[ LCM(a, b) = \frac{a \times b}{HCF(a, b)} \quad \Rightarrow \quad 14h = \frac{a \times b}{h}. \]
Substitute \( a = 40 \) and \( h = 20 \): \[ 14 \times 20 = \frac{40 \times b}{20} \quad \Rightarrow \quad 280 = \frac{40 \times b}{20} \quad \Rightarrow \quad 280 = 2b \quad \Rightarrow \quad b = 140. \]

Conclusion:
The other number is 140 (Option 3).
Quick Tip: Use the formula \( LCM(a, b) = \frac{a \times b}{HCF(a, b)} \) to solve problems involving the LCM and HCF of two numbers.

Let the number of days the labourer worked be \( x \). Then, the number of days he was absent is \( 20 - x \).
His total earnings can be written as: \[ 60x - 5(20 - x) = 745. \]
Simplifying the equation: \[ 60x - 100 + 5x = 745 \quad \Rightarrow \quad 65x = 845 \quad \Rightarrow \quad x = \frac{845}{65} = 13. \]
Thus, the labourer worked for 13 days and was absent for \( 20 - 13 = 7 \) days.

Conclusion:
The labourer was absent for 7 days (Option 3).
Quick Tip: To solve such problems, set up an equation based on the total earnings and solve for the unknown.

- \( y \) is 10% more than 125, so: \[ y = 125 + 0.10 \times 125 = 125 + 12.5 = 137.5. \]
- \( x \) is 10% less than \( y \), so: \[ x = 137.5 - 0.10 \times 137.5 = 137.5 - 13.75 = 123.75. \]

Conclusion: \( x \) is 123.75 (Option 2).
Quick Tip: To calculate percentages, use the formula \( Value = Original Value \pm Percentage \times Original Value \).

- Itai Itai is caused by Cadmium toxicity.

- Minamata is caused by Mercury toxicity.

- Blue baby syndrome is caused by High Nitrate in water.

- Gas bubble disease is caused by High dissolved Oxygen in water.

Conclusion:
The correct matching is (A) - (IV), (B) - (II), (C) - (I), (D) - (III) (Option 4).
Quick Tip: Be familiar with environmental diseases and their specific causes to match diseases with their causes effectively.

A tendril in pea plants is a modified leaf that helps the plant cling to supports. Thus, the correct answer is (B) only.

Conclusion:
The tendril by which a pea plant clings to a support is a modified leaf (Option 3).
Quick Tip: Tendrils are often modified leaves or stems that help plants climb and attach to supports.

Isotones are atomic nuclei that have the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons (atomic number). This distinguishes them from isotopes, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Isotones (Option 3).
Quick Tip: Isotones have the same number of neutrons, while isotopes have the same number of protons.

The energy of electromagnetic radiation increases with its frequency.

The increasing order of energy for the given radiations is:

- Microwave radiation has the lowest energy, followed by infra-red (IR) radiation.

- Visible rays have higher energy than IR but lower than UV-radiation and X-rays.

Conclusion:
The correct order is (E), (A), (C), (D), (B) (Option 1).
Quick Tip: The energy of electromagnetic radiation increases with frequency and decreases with wavelength.

Acidic rain is primarily caused by the presence of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and oxides of sulfur (SOx), which react with water in the atmosphere to form acids like sulfuric acid and nitric acid.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Oxides of nitrogen and sulfur (Option 4).
Quick Tip: Acid rain is a result of air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) reacting with water vapor in the atmosphere.

Rust is a hydrated form of iron oxide, and its general formula is Fe₂O₃ · xH₂O, where \( x \) represents the water molecules associated with the oxide. This is formed when iron reacts with oxygen in the presence of moisture.

Conclusion:
The chemical formula of rust is Fe₂O₃ · xH₂O (Option 3).
Quick Tip: Rust is the result of the corrosion of iron when exposed to moisture and oxygen.

Rhizobium, Azospirillum, and Azotobacter are all nitrogen-fixing bacteria that help in converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use. Mycorrhiza, on the other hand, forms symbiotic relationships with plant roots but is not involved in nitrogen fixation.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Mycorrhiza (Option 3).
Quick Tip: Mycorrhiza aids in nutrient uptake, particularly phosphorus, but does not contribute to nitrogen fixation.

In competitive interactions, both species struggle for the same limited resources such as food, space, or mates. As a result, both species experience harm because neither can access all the resources they need.

Conclusion:
In competitive interactions, both species are harmed (Option 4).
Quick Tip: In nature, competition between species often leads to the depletion of shared resources, negatively impacting both species.

- Option 1 is correct: Dissolved oxygen in water decreases as the temperature increases.

- Option 2 is correct: Atmospheric exchange and photosynthesis are the primary ways dissolved oxygen enters water.

- Option 3 is correct: As biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) increases, dissolved oxygen decreases.

- Option 4 is incorrect: Water with high BOD will have low dissolved oxygen, because more oxygen is consumed by the microbes decomposing organic matter.

Conclusion:
The incorrect statement is Water having high biochemical oxygen demand will also have high dissolved oxygen (Option 4).
Quick Tip: High BOD indicates more organic matter decomposition, which leads to a decrease in dissolved oxygen.

According to the Census of India, a Main Worker is defined as someone who works for at least 183 days or six months in a year.

Conclusion:
The correct definition of Main Worker is Option 1.
Quick Tip: Main Workers are those who contribute significantly to the economy by working for a minimum of 183 days per year.

The 2011 Census of India divided the working population into categories such as:

- Cultivators

- Agricultural Labourers

- Household Industrial Workers.

The Businessmen category is not mentioned in the Census of India under the working population categories.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is (A), (B) and (C) only (Option 3).
Quick Tip: The 2011 Census of India focused on agriculture and household industries as key categories for the working population.

- Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Nagaland are Christian majority states in India.

- Sikkim is not a Christian majority state, as its population is predominantly Buddhist and Hindu.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Sikkim (Option 4).
Quick Tip: India has several Christian majority states, especially in the northeastern region, such as Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Nagaland.

According to the Census of India 2011, female migration is highest in the rural-to-urban stream, where women from rural areas migrate to urban areas for various reasons including employment, marriage, and education.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Rural to Urban (Option 2).
Quick Tip: Rural-to-urban migration is a significant demographic trend, driven by economic opportunities and social changes.

The Girmit Act refers to the Indian Emigration Act of 1834, which was related to the recruitment of indentured laborers from India to work in the British colonies, especially in places like Fiji and Mauritius. The term "Girmit" is derived from the word "Agreement," and it became a significant part of the history of Indian indentured labor migration.

Conclusion:
The Girmit Act is related to the Indian Emigration Act (Option 2).
Quick Tip: The Girmit Act played a crucial role in the migration of Indian laborers under the British colonial system, especially to work in plantations.

- Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Abu Raihan al-Biruni visited India from Uzbekistan.

- Seydi Ali Reis was from Turkey.

- Ibn Battuta was from Morocco.

- Abd al-Razzaq Kamal al-Din Ibn Ishaq came from Samarqand.

Conclusion:
The correct matching is (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV) (Option 1).
Quick Tip: Many historical travellers and scholars from various countries visited India and documented their observations.

The Nayanars were a group of devotees who were dedicated followers of Shiva, the supreme God in the Shaiva tradition of Hinduism.

Conclusion:
The Nayanars are devotees of Shiva (Option 1).
Quick Tip: The Nayanars are associated with the Bhakti movement, and their devotion to Shiva was integral in shaping the Shaiva tradition in Southern India.

Assam was the first state in Independent India to hold an election based on the universal adult franchise in 1951.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Assam (Option 4).
Quick Tip: The first elections in independent India, based on universal adult suffrage, marked a significant step toward inclusive democracy.

M. N. Srinivas argued that urban influences are increasingly affecting villages across India, but the extent of this impact depends on the specific relationship a village has with nearby cities or towns.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is M. N. Srinivas (Option 2).
Quick Tip: Srinivas' work on rural-urban interactions is foundational in understanding the socio-cultural dynamics of Indian villages.

Paul Costa and Robert McCrae developed the Five-Factor Model of Personality, which includes the traits: Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Extraversion. The term Cardinal is not part of this model; it was introduced by Gordon Allport as a different concept in personality theory.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Cardinal (Option 4).
Quick Tip: The Five-Factor Model by Costa and McCrae includes traits like Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

Sarna Chatushtayi refers to the ancient ritual performed by scholars and theologians in India to affirm and explain the concept of Jati (caste system). It was a key element in understanding social and cultural divisions within Indian society.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Jati (Option 2).
Quick Tip: The Sarna Chatushtayi is closely related to the social organization and classification of communities, especially in relation to the caste system.

The correct matching is:

- Thumri is associated with Laggi.

- Prabandh is associated with Taan.

- Khayal is associated with Nom Tom.

- Dhrupad is associated with Tenak.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Option 1: (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV).
Quick Tip: Gayan Shailis (singing styles) are traditional forms of Indian classical music, each having its specific elaborations and techniques.

- Krishna Rao Shankar Pandit is associated with Gwalior Gharana.

- Abdul Karim Khan is associated with Kirana Gharana.

- Ravi Shankar is associated with Maihar Gharana.

- Faiyaz Khan is associated with Patiala Gharana.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Option 4: (A) - Gwalior Gharana, (B) - Kirana Gharana, (C) - Maihar Gharana, (D) - Patiala Gharana.
Quick Tip: Indian classical music is deeply rooted in various gharanas (schools of music), each with its distinct style and technique.

The play 'Post Office' was written by Rabindranath Tagore. It is one of his famous works, and it reflects his deep connection to Indian culture and his philosophical views on life and death.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Rabindranath Tagore (Option 4).
Quick Tip: Rabindranath Tagore, a renowned poet, philosopher, and playwright, was a pivotal figure in Bengali literature and India's cultural heritage.

The correct matching is:

- Adhe Adhure is written by Mohan Rakesh.

- Sakaram Binder is written by Badal Sircar.

- Nagamandala is written by Vijay Tendulkar.

- Evam Indrajit is written by Girish Karnad.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Option 2: (A) - (IV), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (I).
Quick Tip: These plays are central to the modern Indian theatre movement, each representing unique aspects of Indian society.

The famous Sanskrit play Abhigyan Shakuntalam was written by the legendary Sanskrit dramatist Kalidasa. This work is one of the most important and well-known plays in Indian literature, which tells the story of Shakuntala and King Dushyanta.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Kalidasa (Option 1).
Quick Tip: Kalidasa's "Abhigyan Shakuntalam" is a classical play that is widely regarded as one of the greatest works of ancient Indian literature.

The word 'Yoga' is derived from the Sanskrit root 'Yuj', which means to unite, join, or harness. The concept of Yoga in Hindu philosophy emphasizes union and harmony of the mind, body, and spirit.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Yuj (Option 1).
Quick Tip: In Sanskrit, the root 'Yuj' signifies union or the act of joining, which is central to the philosophy of Yoga.

All the statements are misconceptions about Yoga:

- Yoga is merely asanas: Asanas are only one aspect of Yoga.

Yoga includes meditation, philosophy, and ethical practices as well.
- Yoga is Hindu religion: Yoga is not exclusive to any one religion.

It is a universal spiritual practice.

- Yoga is proficiency in actions: Yoga is not just about physical actions but the integration of body, mind, and soul.

- Yoga is Sanyasa: Yoga is not necessarily about renunciation; it can be practiced in daily life without renouncing worldly duties.


Conclusion:
All the given options are misconceptions about Yoga, so the correct answer is (Option 3).
Quick Tip: Yoga is a holistic practice that integrates physical, mental, and spiritual disciplines.

- Hathratnavali is written by Maharishi Gherand.

- Hatha Yog Pradeepika is written by Shri Niwas.

- Gherund Samhita is written by Maharishi Valmiki.

- Yog Vashishtha is written by Swami Swatmaram.

Conclusion:
The correct matching is Option 2: (A) - (IV), (B) - (II), (C) - (I), (D) - (III).
Quick Tip: These texts are seminal works in the field of Yoga and provide a deep insight into the philosophy and practices of Yoga.

According to Yoga Sutras of Patanjali,

the correct sequence of Chitta Vritti (mental modifications) is:

1. Pramana (correct knowledge)

2. Viparyay (incorrect knowledge)

3. Vikalp (imagination)

4. Nidra (sleep)

5. Smriti (memory).

Conclusion:
The correct sequence is Pramana, Viparyay, Vikalp, Nidra, Smriti (Option 2).
Quick Tip: The five types of Chitta Vritti in Yoga focus on how the mind processes knowledge, imaginations, and memories.

The plays originally written in the Sanskrit language are:

- Mrichakatikam by Shudraka

- Abhigyan Shakuntalam by Kalidasa

- Malavika Agnimitram by Kalidasa.

Nil Darpan and Silence. The Court is in Session were not originally written in Sanskrit.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is Option 3: (A), (B) and (D) only.
Quick Tip: Classical Sanskrit plays like Abhigyan Shakuntalam are pivotal in Indian literary history and provide deep insights into human emotions and morality.