The NTA PhD Entrance Exam was a national-level test for PhD programs in some top universities like Delhi University (DU), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Banaras Hindu University (BHU), and Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (BBAU). It gave students a common way to apply for PhD programs through a single, standardized test.
From the 2024–25 academic year, this specific NTA PhD Entrance Exam was discontinued because of changes under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Instead, NTA now conducts separate national-level exams for different fields, like:
- UGC NET for arts, humanities, social sciences, and commerce
- GATE for engineering and technology
- CSIR NET for science subjects
- ICAR AICE JRF/SRF in agriculture and allied subjects.
These exams are now the main way students can qualify for PhD admissions in Indian universities. The exams check both a student’s subject knowledge and research skills, including understanding research methods.
- They are held on a computer (computer-based test) and cover many different subjects.
- Most exams last around 3 hours and have two main parts: one on research methodology and one on subject-specific topics.
- They are accepted by many central and state universities, so students across India have a standard path for PhD admissions.
- This change follows the NEP goal to make higher education admissions simpler, fairer, and more transparent by using national-level eligibility exams.
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Key Summary
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This article describes the NTA PhD Entrance Exam pattern, structure, marking scheme, and preparation tips.
- Previously, the NTA PhD Entrance Exam was a unified national-level exam for PhD admission in premier institutes like DU, JNU, BHU, and BBAU.
- Currently, NTA organizes various national-level exams for individual subjects, which are well-accepted for PhD admissions: UGC NET, GATE, CSIR NET
- All universities today accept these tests as the primary means of admitting students to PhD courses. This enhances transparency and fairness in admissions while eliminating the need for individual university entry tests.
- A few universities might still retain their own PhD entry tests (PET), but the trend is shifting towards these NTA national-level tests.
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- NTA PhD Entrance Exam Pattern-Highlights
- NTA PhD Entrance Exam pattern 2026: Syllabus
- Recommended General Aptitude Books for NTA PhD Entrance Exam
- NTA PhD Entrance Exam: Marking Scheme
- Topic-Wise Weightage of NTA PhD Entrance Exam
- Preparation Tips for NTA PhD Entrance Exam
- Frequently Asked Questions
What is the NTA PhD Entrance Exam Pattern?
The National Testing Agency (NTA) conducts several entrance exams for students who want to join PhD programs in different subjects across India. The main exams they conduct are:
- UGC NET (University Grants Commission National Eligibility Test): This exam is held twice a year. It helps students become eligible for Assistant Professor jobs, Junior Research Fellowship (JRF), and PhD admissions in subjects like Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences, Commerce, and Education.
- CSIR NET: The entrance exam for CSIR admission is also held twice a year. This exam is for Science subjects like Chemical Sciences, Life Sciences, Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences, and Mathematics. It gives JRF and helps students get admission to PhD programs.
- ICAR-AICE JRF/SRF (PhD) Exam: This exam is for research in agriculture and is run by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). It helps students join PhD programs in farming and agriculture-related fields.
- GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering): This exam is mainly run by top institutes like IITs and IISc, but it’s accepted all over the country for PhD admissions in engineering, technology, and related subjects.
Apart from these, NTA also conducts other entrance exams for specific universities and areas of study. But these are the most important national-level exams that students take to qualify for PhD programs. All the NTA PhD Entrance Exam Pattern differ from each other.
Mode of Examination
These examinations are conducted on a computer, which is referred to as a Computer-Based Test (CBT). This is more convenient and quicker for students to attempt the exam in other cities.
Medium of Question Papers
All the questions are in English, but for some exams or subjects, there could be Hindi or other local languages. This facilitates the students' comprehension of the questions.
Structure of Question Papers
The examination typically consists of two parts:
- Part 1: General Aptitude or Research Methodology – this tests students' way of thinking, problem-solving, and research methodology.
- Part 2: Subject Knowledge – this tests what the student knows regarding the subject they wish to study for their PhD.
Questions and Rules
Questions are mostly multiple-choice questions (MCQs). Students should attempt all questions. The duration of the exam varies with the test. Some tests deduct points for incorrect answers, but some do not.
Subjects and Sections
The initial portion is common for everyone, assessing overall thinking as well as research abilities. The subsequent portion is on the subject of the student's choice, hence testing their expertise in that field. The exams are accepted by most central and state universities in India for admission to PhD, so they are extremely significant for students who wish to pursue studies at the maximum level.
NTA PhD Entrance Exam Pattern-Highlights
The NTA PhD Entrance Exam pattern gives an overview of how the national-level tests are conducted, including the exam mode, structure, and key sections. The table mentioned below gives an overview of the NTA PhD Entrance Exam pattern:
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Name of Exam | Various National-level PhD Eligibility Tests (UGC NET, GATE, CSIR NET, etc.) |
| Organizing Body | National Testing Agency (NTA) |
| Level of Exam | National |
| Region | India |
| Mode of Exam | Computer-Based Test (CBT) |
| Medium | English (Hindi or regional languages for some papers, varies by exam) |
| Exam Structure | Typically, includes General Aptitude/Research Methodology + Subject-Specific sections |
| Type of Questions | Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) |
| Total Number of Questions | Varies by exam |
| Marking Scheme | Varies by exam; some have negative marking, some do not |
| Purpose | Eligibility for PhD admissions, Junior Research Fellowship (JRF), and/or assistant professor posts |
| Courses Covered | PhD programs across disciplines like Arts, Science, Engineering, Pharmacy, etc. |
| Participating Universities | Various central and state universities accept these exam scores for PhD admissions |
| Official Website | nta.ac.in – main site for all NTA exams and notifications |
NTA PhD Entrance Exam pattern 2026: Syllabus
The syllabus for the NTA PhD Entrance Exams in 2026 depends on the exam and the subject. It usually has two parts – research methodology and general skills, and another on the specific subject you are applying for.
UGC NET Syllabus
The UGC NET exam syllabus is divided into Paper 1, which is common for all candidates, and Paper 2, which is subject-specific. Paper 1 tests teaching and research aptitude, while Paper 2 focuses on the candidate’s chosen subject. The table mentioned below summarizes the main topics:
| Paper | Topics Covered | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Paper 1: General Aptitude and Teaching-Learning |
| Tests general skills needed for teaching and research, along with reasoning and communication abilities |
| Paper 2: Subject-Specific Topics | Depends on the subject chosen by the candidate; includes
| Covers theories, concepts, and practical applications related to the chosen subject area |
CSIR NET Syllabus
The syllabus for the CSIR NET exam is designed for science subjects and is divided into three parts:
| Part | Topics Covered | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Part A: General Aptitude |
| Tests of general skills and basic understanding of science |
| Part B: Subject Knowledge |
| Covers important theories, formulas, and practical knowledge in the chosen subject |
| Part C: Advanced Understanding |
| Tests how well candidates apply scientific ideas and solve complex problems |
GATE Syllabus
The GATE syllabus is for Ph.D. aspirants who want to join doctoral programs in engineering, science, or technology, or seek research jobs in public sector organizations. The exam has General Aptitude, which checks reasoning and analytical skills, and a Subject Paper, which tests knowledge in the chosen field.
| Section | Topics Covered | Details |
|---|---|---|
| General Aptitude (GA) |
| Common for all papers: tests English, basic math, reasoning, and problem-solving skills |
| Engineering Mathematics |
| Common to most engineering papers; tests math knowledge needed in engineering problems |
| Core Subject Topics | Depends on the paper chosen, like
| Includes theories, formulas, designs, and applications related to the chosen engineering field |
Note: The GATE syllabus covers 30 engineering and science disciplines. You can check complete subject-wise topics and details by clicking on the link - https://collegedunia.com/exams/gate/syllabus
ICAR AICE JRF/SRF Syllabus
The ICAR AICE JRF/SRF syllabus is made for candidates aiming for research or doctoral programs in agriculture and allied subjects. The exam tests both general knowledge and subject-specific concepts. The table below summarizes the main topics:
| Section | Subject-Specific Topics | Details |
|---|---|---|
| General Knowledge |
| Common for all candidates; tests basic agriculture knowledge, science, and awareness of current events |
| Subject-Specific Topics |
| Covers principles, techniques, and applications relevant to each specialization |
Note: The syllabus includes 73 specialized subjects. Candidates should refer to the official ICAR syllabus document for complete details.
Recommended General Aptitude Books for NTA PhD Entrance Exam
For the NTA PhD Entrance Exam, preparing for General Aptitude is crucial as it forms a significant part of Paper 1. The table mentioned below shows the books that cover reasoning, comprehension, teaching, and research aptitude, and data interpretation.
| Book | Publication | Best for Exam(s) |
|---|---|---|
| A Modern Approach to Verbal & Non-Verbal Reasoning | R.S. Agarwal | NET, CSIR, GATE, ICAR |
| Analytical Reasoning | M.K. Pandey | GATE, CSIR |
| CSIR NET General Aptitude | Arihant Publications | CSIR NET |
| Quantitative Aptitude | R.S. Agarwal | ICAR, CSIR |
| Trueman’s UGC NET/SET General Paper I | M. Gagan & Sajit Kumar | UGC NET |
| UGC NET Paper 1 Guide | R. Gupta | UGC NET |
| NTA UGC NET/SET/JRF Paper 1 | KVS Madan | UGC NET |
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Important Books for GATENTA PhD Entrance Exam: Marking Scheme
The marking scheme for the NTA PhD Entrance Exams depends on the specific test being taken, such as UGC NET, GATE, or CSIR NET. Some exams give marks only for correct answers, while others may also deduct marks for wrong answers.
UGC NET Marking Scheme
The UGC NET exam follows a specific marking scheme designed to evaluate candidates' knowledge and aptitude. To qualify, candidates must score at least 40% for the General category and 35% for SC/ST/OBC/PWD in each paper. The table below shows the topic-wise weightage:
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Total Marks | 300 marks |
| Duration | 3 hours (180 minutes) |
| Number of Questions | 150 (50 in Paper 1 and 100 in Paper 2) |
| Type of Questions | Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) |
| Marking for Correct Answer | +2 marks per correct answer |
| Negative Marking | None (No deduction for incorrect answers) |
| Unanswered Questions | No penalty (0 marks) |
| Language of Exam | English and Hindi (Or any other language if chosen in Paper 2) |
Note: Paper 1 is common for all candidates, while Paper 2 is subject-specific.
CSIR NET Marking Scheme
It has a specific marking scheme to assess candidates’ knowledge in their chosen subject. To qualify, candidates must generally secure 40% for the General category and 35% for SC/ST/OBC/PWD. The table below shows the detailed topic-wise distribution:
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Total Marks | 200 marks |
| Duration | 3 hours (180 minutes) |
| Mode of Exam | Computer-Based Test (CBT) |
| No. of Questions | Varies by subject |
| Sections |
|
| Marking for Correct Answer | Varies by section: -
|
| Negative Marking | Yes: -
|
| Unanswered Questions | 0 marks (no penalty) |
| Language of Exam | English |
GATE Marking Scheme
The GATE exam follows a structured marking scheme to evaluate candidates’ understanding of their chosen subject. To qualify, candidates must achieve the minimum qualifying marks, which vary by category and subject. You can check the gate exam pattern from below:
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Total Marks | 100 marks |
| Duration | 3 hours (180 minutes) |
| No. Of Questions | 65 questions |
| Types of Questions |
|
| General Aptitude | 15 marks (common for all papers) |
| Subject-Specific | 85 marks (varies by paper) |
| Marking for Correct Answer | 1 or 2 marks per correct answer |
| Negative Marking | Yes, for MCQs only: -
|
| No Negative Marking | For MSQs and NATs |
| Language of Exam | English |
ICAR-AICE JRF/SRF Marking Scheme
The ICAR-AICE JRF/SRF exam follows a specific ICAR exam pattern and marking scheme to assess candidates’ knowledge in agriculture and allied subjects. To qualify, candidates must secure at least 50% for the General category and 40% for SC/ST/OBC/PWD.
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Total Marks | 480 marks |
| Duration | 2 hours (120 minutes) |
| Mode of Exam | Computer-Based Test (CBT) |
| No. of Questions | 120 questions |
| Sections |
|
| Marking for Correct Answer | +4 marks |
| Negative Marking | -1 mark for wrong answers |
| Unanswered Questions | 0 marks (no penalty) |
| Language | English only |
Topic-Wise Weightage of NTA PhD Entrance Exam
The NTA PhD Entrance Exam evaluates candidates on teaching, research aptitude, and subject knowledge. To qualify, candidates must secure the minimum passing marks. Each topic in the exam has its own weightage, and solving them carefully can help you secure high marks. The table below shows the topic-wise weightage:
NET – Topic Weightage
The UGC NET exam has different topics, each with its own weightage, and focusing on these can help candidates score higher.
| Paper | Topic | Weightage |
|---|---|---|
| Paper 1: General Aptitude | Teaching and Research Aptitude | 30% |
| Comprehension | 15% | |
| Communication | 15% | |
| Reasoning Ability & Logical Reasoning | 15% | |
| Data Interpretation | 10% | |
| Information & Communication Technology (ICT) | 10% | |
| People Development & Environment | 5% | |
| Paper 2: Subject-Specific | Depends on the chosen subject | Varies by subject (each subject has a detailed syllabus with units/topics) |
CSIR NET – Topic Weightage
The CSIR NET exam covers multiple topics, each carrying a different weightage, and concentrating on high-weightage areas can improve your score significantly.
| Part | Topics | Weightage |
|---|---|---|
| Part A: General Aptitude | Logical reasoning, Analytical ability, Numerical ability, General awareness, Basic science concepts | 15–20% |
| Part B: Subject Knowledge | Core topics from chosen science discipline (Chemical, Life, Earth, Physical, Mathematical Sciences) | 50–60% |
| Part C: Advanced Understanding | Application-based and higher-level questions in the subject | 20–30% |
GATE – Topic Weightage
The GATE exam tests candidates on both General Aptitude and their chosen subject, with each section carrying specific weightage.
| Section | Topics | Weightage |
|---|---|---|
| General Aptitude (GA) | Verbal ability, Numerical ability, Reasoning | 15% |
| Engineering Mathematics | Linear Algebra, Calculus, Differential Equations, Probability & Statistics, Complex Variables, Numerical Methods, Transform Theory | 10–15% (varies by paper) |
| Core Subject Topics | Branch-specific engineering subjects (Mechanical, Civil, Electrical, CS, etc.) | 70–75% |
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GATE Paper AnalysisICAR AICE JRF/SRF – Topic Weightage
It covers both general knowledge and subject-specific topics, each with its own weightage. Focusing on topics with higher weightage can help candidates score better.
| Section | Topics | Weightage |
|---|---|---|
| General Knowledge | General Agriculture, Current Affairs, General Science, Environmental Issues | 20–25% |
| Subject-Specific Topics | Genetics & Plant Breeding, Agronomy, Horticulture, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Soil Science, Agricultural Engineering, Animal Science, Dairy Science, Fisheries Science | 75–80% |
Preparation Tips for NTA PhD Entrance Exam
To help you prepare effectively for the NTA PhD Entrance Exam, here are some important tips. The table mentioned below gives a clear summary of the steps you can follow to strengthen your preparation.
| Preparation Tip | Details |
|---|---|
| Get the Syllabus PDF |
|
| Select the Right Books |
|
| Practice Previous Year Papers |
|
| Mock Tests and Sample Papers |
|
| Make a Study Plan |
|
| Focus on Research Methodology |
|
| Time Management |
|
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ICAR Question PaperFrequently Asked Questions
Ques: Can I do PhD without Net?
Ans: Yes, you can pursue a PhD without qualifying for NET. Admission to a PhD program depends on the university’s requirements and the subject area. While UGC-NET is one common eligibility exam, several other exams are also accepted for PhD admissions or research fellowships.
For example, depending on the field, you can apply through exams such as:
- CSIR NET: for science subjects like physics, chemistry, and life sciences
- GATE: for engineering and technology-related research
- JEST: for physics and theoretical computer science
- GPAT: for pharmaceutical sciences
- ICMR JRF: for medical and life sciences research
- DBT JRF: for biotechnology research
Additionally, some universities conduct their own entrance exams or interviews and allow students to enroll in PhD programs without these exams.
Ques: Can I do PhD without master's?
Ans: Yes, you can do a PhD without a master’s degree, but only in a few top institutes like IITs, IISc, or IISERs, where they allow direct PhD after a bachelor’s if you meet high academic criteria and clear the entrance exam like GATE or JEST.
Ques: Is there any interview for a PhD?
Ans: Yes, in most cases, there is an interview for PhD admission. After clearing the entrance exam, such as NET, GATE, JEST, or the university’s own test, candidates are called for an interview or viva voce. The interview is usually done to check:
- Assess your research interest and understanding of the subject.
- Check your motivation and readiness for research.
- Discuss your academic background and plans.
Ques: How to crack a PhD entrance exam?
Ans: To crack a PhD entrance exam, follow these simple steps:
- Choose the Right Subject
- Understand the Exam Pattern and Syllabus
- Make a Study Plan
- Use Standard Books and Study Material
- Practice Regularly
- Strengthen Basics
- Prepare for the Interview
- Stay Consistent and Confident
Ques: How many papers are there in a PhD?
Ans: A PhD usually has:
- 1 or 2 entrance exam papers
- 2 to 4 coursework papers in the beginning
- Research work where you write and publish papers
- 1 final thesis that you submit and defend in an interview (viva)
The exact number depends on the university and subject.
Ques: Is PET compulsory for PhD?
Ans: No, PET (Pre-Entrance Test) is not compulsory for all PhD programs. Some universities require it, while others accept exams like NET, GATE, JEST, or their own entrance exams instead of PET.
*The article might have information for the previous academic years, which will be updated soon subject to the notification issued by the University/College.
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