The NIOS Class 12 Syllabus for the session 2025-26 has been officially published on its website, nios.ac.in. The syllabus is available in both English and Hindi.

  • The NIOS class 12 syllabus for the academic year 2026 ensures exam accuracy by maintaining consistency for both on-demand and public exams.
  • To be eligible for the NIOS Class 12 marks sheet, students must complete at least five subjects, including a language course.
  • There are 70 to 80 marks for the theory paper and 20 to 30 marks for the practical or internal assessment, for a total score of 100.
  • For science subjects like physics, chemistry, and biology, the theory is evaluated for 60 marks, practical work is evaluated for 30 marks, and internal assessment accounts for 10 marks.
  • Mathematics, on the other hand, has 60 marks for the theory paper and 10 marks for internal assessment, with no separate practical component.

Students can modify their course selections to better suit their interests or career goals by making the required changes on their admissions form.

NIOS Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Download PDF

Also Check: NIOS Class 12 Exam Dates

NIOS Class 12 Syllabus 2025

Key Summary

  • In this article we talked about the NIOS Class 12 Syllabus for 2025-26, including the subject-wise syllabus, weightage, previous years’ question papers, and preparation tips.
  • The NIOS Class 12 Syllabus for the session 2025-26 has been officially published on its website.
  • The NIOS class 12 syllabus for the academic year 2026 ensures exam accuracy by maintaining consistency for both on-demand and public exams.
  • To be eligible for the NIOS Class 12 marks sheet, students must complete at least five subjects, including a language course.
  • There are 70 to 80 marks for the theory paper and 20 to 30 marks for the practical or internal assessment, for a total score of 100.
  • For science subjects like physics, chemistry, and biology, the theory is evaluated for 60 marks, practical work is evaluated for 30 marks, and internal assessment accounts for 10 marks.

What is the NIOS Class 12 Syllabus?

The NIOS Class 12 syllabus 2025 is prepared for students appearing in both public and on-demand exams.

NIOS Class 12 Syllabus: Overview

Details Information
Board National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)
Exam Year 2025-26
Mode of Exam Public and On-Demand exams
Minimum Subjects Required 5 Subjects (including at least one language subject from Group A)
Subject Groups A, B, C, D, E, F
Language Subjects Choose 1 or 2 from Group A
Other Subjects Choose from Groups B–F with only one subject allowed from each of C, D, E, and F
Syllabus Availability Downloadable from nios.ac.in in Hindi and English mediums
Subject Change Allowed by correcting the admission form before exams
Exam Pattern Theory and practical papers based on syllabus guidelines
Passing Criteria 33% in theory and practical individually and in aggregate for each subject
Validity Recognized for higher education and competitive exams like JEE.

NIOS Class 12 Syllabus 2025: Overview

The NIOS Class 12 syllabus for 2025 is divided into six groups: A, B, C, D, E, & F.

Students are required to select subjects from the below-given groups based on specific rules:

  • Must choose five subjects in total.
  • At least one subject must be from Group A, with a maximum of two subjects allowed.
  • The remaining subjects should be chosen from Groups B, C, D, E, & F.
  • Only one subject can be selected from each of the Groups C, D, E, & F.

Below is the complete list of subjects grouped accordingly:

Group Subjects
Group A (Languages)
  • Hindi
  • English
  • Bengali
  • Sanskrit
  • Urdu
  • Punjabi
  • Gujarati
  • Tamil
  • Arabic
  • Persian
Group B
  • Mathematics
  • Psychology
  • Home Science
  • Geography
  • Economics
  • Business Studies
  • Ved Adhyayan
  • Sanskrit Vyakaran
  • Sanskrit Sahitya
  • Bhartiya Darshan
  • Painting
  • Data Entry Operations
  • Tourism
Group C
  • Physics
  • History
  • Information Science
  • Library Science
Group D
  • Chemistry
  • Mass Communication
  • Political Science
Group E
  • Biology
  • Accountancy
  • Introduction to Law
Group F
  • Computer Science
  • Sociology
  • Environmental Science

NIOS Class 12 Syllabus and Weightage

Students can check the subject-wise syllabus and mark the weightage of the NIOS Class 12 syllabus from the below tables:

NIOS Class 12 English Syllabus

The NIOS 12 English syllabus covers grammar, writing, comprehension, prescribed texts, and an optional module, with a total of 100 marks aimed at enhancing language skills.

Section Marks
Prescribed Texts 20
Functional Grammar 15
Functional Writing Skills 25
Comprehension (Unfamiliar Passages) 20
Optional Module 20
Total 100

NIOS Class 12 Physics Syllabus

The physics syllabus includes core topics like motion, electricity, and optics along with optional modules such as astrophysics and electronics, making up a total of 100 marks.

Core Modules

Units Topics Marks
1 Motion, Force and Energy 14
2 Properties of Matter 08
3 Heat and Thermodynamics 06
4 Electricity and Magnetism 14
5 Oscillations and Waves 06
6 Optics and Optical Instruments 08
7 Atoms and Nuclei 07
8 Semiconductors and their Applications 07

Optional Modules (Any One or More)

Units Topics Marks
1 Astrophysics 10
2 Electronics 10
3 Photography and Audio-Videography 10
4 Physics in Medical Sciences 10

NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus

The chemistry syllabus focuses on atomic structure, chemical bonding, and organic compounds and includes an optional module on industry or environmental chemistry, for a total of 100 marks.

Core Modules

Units Module Marks
1 Atom, Molecule and Chemical Arithmetics 07
2 Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding 12
3 States of Matter 12
4 Chemical Energetics 08
5 Chemical Dynamics 08
6 Chemistry of Elements 10
7 Chemistry of Organic Compounds 12

Optional Modules

Units Module Marks
1 Environmental Chemistry OR Chemistry and Industry 15

NIOS Class 12 Biology Syllabus

The biology syllabus covers life processes, genetics, evolution, and environment, with optional modules like biotechnology and health sciences, totaling 100 marks.

Core Modules

Units Module Marks
1 Diversity and Evolution of Life 06
2 Cells, Cell Functions and Tissues 10
3 Functional Morphology and Life Processes in Plants 11
4 Functional Morphology and Life Processes in Animals 11
5 Reproduction and Development 10
6 Heredity and Genetics 10
7 Population Explosion and Family Planning 04
8 Environmental Biology 08

Optional Modules (Any One or More)

Units Module Marks
1 Tools and Techniques in Biology 10
2 Economic Biology 10
3 Health Science 10
4 Emerging Areas in Biology—Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Immunobiology 10

NIOS Class 12 Mathematics Syllabus

The mathematics syllabus includes topics from complex numbers to calculus, along with optional modules like statistics and vectors, for comprehensive preparation worth 100 marks.

Compulsory Modules

Units Module Marks
1 Complex Numbers & Quadratic Equations 10
2 Determinants and Matrices 10
3 Permutations and Combinations 08
4 Sequence and Series 08
5 Trigonometry 10
6 Coordinate Geometry 10
7 Differential Calculus 17
8 Integral Calculus 17

Optional Modules (Any One)

Units Module Marks
9 Statistics & Probability OR Vectors & Analytical Solid Geometry OR Linear Programming 20

NIOS Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

The Business Studies syllabus emphasizes foundational concepts, trade, management, marketing, and financing, with optional modules for practical skills, summing up to 100 marks.

Core Modules

Units Module Marks
1 Introduction to Business 16
2 Business as a Career 08
3 Trade and Service Activities 16
4 Management of Business 16
5 Financing of Business 12
6 Marketing 12

Optional Modules (Any One)

Units Module Marks
7 Office Procedures & Practices 20
8 Practical Banking 20
9 Introduction to Factory Setup 20
10 Agency Services 20

NIOS Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus

The accountancy syllabus deals with financial accounting principles, statements, partnership, and share capital, plus optional modules like financial analysis, totaling 100 marks.

Core Modules

Units Module Marks
1 Introduction to Financial Accounting 06
2 Accounting Terms, Accounting Equation and Journal 06
3 Voucher Approach in Accounting 12
4 Bank Reconciliation Statement 06
5 Financial Statements 15
6 Partnership Accounts 20
7 Accounting for Share Capital 15

Optional Modules (Any One)

Units Module Marks
8 Analysis of Financial Statements 20
9 Final Accounts of Non-Trading Organisations 20

NIOS Class 12 Geography Syllabus

The geography syllabus explores physical and human geography topics and natural and man-made resources and offers optional modules like tourism and fieldwork for 100 marks.

Core Modules

Units Module Marks
1 The Earth—A Living Planet 03
2 The Domain of Air on the Planet Earth 08
3 The Domain of Water on the Planet Earth 04
4 Changing Face of the Planet Earth 12
5 Life on the Earth 08
6 Physical Setting in India 08
7 Natural Resources and their Development in India 07
8 Man-made Resources and their Development in India 12
9 Human Resources and their Development in India 08

Optional Modules (Any One)

Units Module Marks
10 Teaching of Geography at Primary Level 10
11 Geography of Tourism in India 10
12 Field Work in Geography –

NIOS Class 12 History Syllabus

The history syllabus includes ancient to modern Indian history, with a focus on independence and heritage, alongside map-based learning, all contributing to 100 marks.

S.No Module Marks
1 Ancient Indian History 08
2 Climax of Ancient India 10
3 Legacy of Ancient India 12
4 Rise and Fall of the Delhi Sultanate 08
5 The Mughal Empire 10
6 Contribution of Medieval India 12
7 Renascent India 08
8 India’s Struggle for Independence 22
9 Maps 10

Also Check:

NIOS Class 12 Exam Pattern

​​Candidates can download the books from the official website of the NIOS or can refer to the below table to download the NIOS Class 12 syllabus PDFs directly.

Subjects Code PDF Link
Hindi 301 Visit here
English 302 Visit here
Mathematics 311 Visit here
Physics 312 Visit here
Chemistry 313 Visit here
Biology 314 Visit here
History 315 Visit here
Geography 316 Visit here

Note: Students can check more on the official website for other subjects.

Check: NIOS Class 12 Result

NIOS Class 12 Exam Preparation Tips

Students can follow the below-given preparation tips to score well in the NIOS Class 12 exams.

Tip Details
Focus on the Complete Syllabus Complete the entire syllabus well before the date sheet is announced to ensure adequate preparation.
Time Management Create time table for each subject and allocate 1-2 hours for each subject daily.
Practice Sample Papers Solve 5-10 years of sample papers and previous years’ questions to evaluate your preparation and identify weak areas.
Exam Pattern Practicing helps you understand question types, mark distribution, and difficulty levels, increasing your confidence.
Health Management Sleep for 7-8 hours daily, eat a healthy balanced diet to avoid stress and fatigue.

Ques. Is NIOS class 12 easy?

Ans. NIOS is generally considered easier than other boards because it offers flexible learning, fewer compulsory practicals, and self-paced study.

  • However, “easy” depends on student-to-student. Without regular study and practice, it can become challenging like any other board.

Ques. Can I score 90% in NIOS?

Ans. Yes, scoring 90% or more is possible in NIOS if you:

  • Follow the syllabus thoroughly.
  • Practice sample papers and previous year questions.
  • Revise regularly and stay consistent.
  • Focus on important topics based on mark distribution.

Ques. How to get the NIOS syllabus?

Ans. To get the NIOS Class 12 Syllabus, follow these steps:

  • Visit the official website: nios.ac.in.
  • Scroll to the Online Course Material section.
  • Select a secondary or senior secondary course.
  • Choose your subject and download the syllabus in PDF format for both theory and practical exams.

Ques. How to study for NIOS class 12?

Ans. To study for NIOS Class 12, follow these steps:

  • Download the syllabus and make a study timetable.
  • Study one subject at a time and cover important topics first based on weightage.
  • Practice sample papers and past exam questions.
  • Solve doubts by consulting teachers, peers, or online resources.
  • Revise frequently and test yourself through mock exams.

Ques. Is NIOS tougher than CBSE?

Ans. ​​NIOS is generally considered less tough than the CBSE board because:

  • It provides flexible schedules and open learning.
  • Students can study at their own pace.
  • Exam patterns are simpler.
  • However, for competitive exams, both require serious effort and strong preparation.

Ques. Is NIOS valid for JEE?

Ans. Yes, the NIOS Class 12 syllabus is valid for JEE exams as long as you meet the eligibility criteria.

  • Students must ensure they have physics, chemistry, and mathematics subjects with the required marks to apply for engineering entrance exams like JEE Main and Advanced.