The MPBSE Class X Compartment Exam 2027, officially known as the Second Main Exam (द्वितीय मुख्य परीक्षा) or Supplementary Exam, is conducted by the Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education (MPBSE) for students who fail in one or two subjects in the annual Class 10 examination. Based on the 2026 cycle — when the MPBSE Class X supplementary exam was held from May 7 to May 19, 2026 — the compartment exam 2027 is expected in May–June 2027, after the main result is declared in April–May 2027. Students who score Grade D or Grade E in any subject — that is, below 33% marks — become eligible to sit for this second chance examination.
MPBSE conducts the supplementary examination every year at designated exam centres across Madhya Pradesh. Students who pass the compartment exam receive their Class X pass certificate with the notation ’Pass (Compartment)’, which is equally valid for admission to Class 11 and all other higher secondary courses. You must score at least 33% marks separately in both the theory paper and the practical or internal assessment component of each subject to be declared passed.
The compartment exam is designed to give students a chance to clear Class X without losing a full academic year. Students who do not clear the compartment exam must reappear as regular students in the next annual MPBSE Class X examination.
MPBSE Class X Compartment Exam 2027 Key Highlights
- Students who fail in 1 or 2 subjects (Grade D or Grade E) in MPBSE Class X are eligible for the compartment exam.
- The MPBSE Class X compartment exam 2027 is expected in May–June 2027, following the April–May 2027 main result (based on the 2026 pattern when the exam was held May 7–19, 2026).
- You must register through mpbse.mponline.gov.in shortly after the main result is declared; the application form is also available at school counters for regular students.
- The application fee is approximately ₹350 per subject based on historical data; the official 2027 fee will be confirmed in the board’s notification.
- You must score at least 33% marks separately in theory (minimum 27 out of 80) and in practical or internal assessment (minimum 7 out of 20) to pass each subject.
- Passing the compartment exam means your final mark sheet carries the ’Pass (Compartment)’ notation, which carries the same academic and legal validity as a regular pass certificate.
- If you fail the compartment exam, you must repeat the entire Class X as a regular student in the next academic year’s annual main exam cycle.
- MPBSE Class X Compartment Date Sheet 2027
- MPBSE Class X Compartment Admit Card 2027
- MPBSE Class X Compartment Exam Syllabus
- MPBSE Class X Compartment Exam Pattern 2027
- Previous Year Question Papers with Solutions
- MPBSE Class X Compartment Exam Eligibility Criteria 2027
- MPBSE Class X Compartment Exam Fee Structure
- MPBSE Class X Passing Marks Criteria 2027
- MPBSE Class X Grading System
- MPBSE Class X Compartment Exam FAQs
MPBSE Class X Compartment Date Sheet 2027
MPBSE releases the Class X compartment (Second Main) exam datesheet on its official website, mpbse.nic.in, after the main exam result is declared. Based on the 2026 pattern — when the supplementary exam ran from May 7 to May 19, 2026, after applications opened on April 16, 2026 — the MPBSE Class X compartment exam 2027 datesheet is expected in April–May 2027, with exams likely scheduled for May–June 2027. The table below shows the projected key dates for the 2027 cycle alongside confirmed reference dates from 2026.
| Event | 2026 Reference Date | 2027 Expected Date |
|---|---|---|
| MPBSE Class X Main Exam | February 13 – March 6, 2026 | February – March 2027 (Expected) |
| MPBSE Class X Main Result | April 2026 | April – May 2027 (Expected) |
| Compartment Application Form Opens | April 16, 2026 | April – May 2027 (Expected) |
| Compartment Admit Card | Before May 7, 2026 | Before Compartment Exam 2027 (Expected) |
| MPBSE Class X Compartment Exam | May 7 – May 19, 2026 | May – June 2027 (Expected) |
| Compartment Exam Result | June 16, 2026 | June – July 2027 (Expected) |
The compartment exam for Class X covers each subject in which a student has failed. MPBSE conducts separate exam sittings for each subject over approximately 10–15 days. Theory exams are typically held from 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM. The subject-wise datesheet with specific dates for Hindi, English, Mathematics, Science, Social Science, and Sanskrit/Third Language will be published on mpbse.nic.in once the official notification is released.
Note: All 2027 dates in the table above are projections based on the 2026 cycle and are subject to change. The official compartment exam datesheet 2027 will be published on mpbse.nic.in after the Class X main result is declared. Students should check the official website regularly for updates.
MPBSE Class X Compartment Admit Card 2027
The MPBSE Class X compartment admit card 2027 is expected to be released on the official portal mpbse.mponline.gov.in a few days before the exam begins. Your admit card is mandatory on exam day — students without a valid admit card are not permitted to enter the examination hall under any circumstances. Based on the 2026 cycle, where the exam started on May 7, 2026, the admit card is expected to be available from late April or early May 2027.
- Regular Students: Your school will collect and distribute the compartment admit card on your behalf. Contact your school office to collect it well before the exam starts.
- Private Candidates: Download your admit card directly from mpbse.mponline.gov.in using your roll number and date of birth once it is released by the board.
Your admit card will carry your name, roll number, exam centre name and address, subject(s) for which you are appearing, and your photograph. If you notice any discrepancy — such as a wrong name, date of birth, subject, or centre — report it to your school or the nearest MPBSE district office immediately. Do not attempt the exam with an incorrect admit card.
Where are MPBSE Class X compartment exams held?
MPBSE Class X compartment (supplementary) exams are held at designated government school exam centres across Madhya Pradesh. Your admit card will specify the name and address of your allotted exam centre. MPBSE typically allots centres within the same city or district where you appeared for the main exam. Students must report at their assigned exam centre at least 30 minutes before the scheduled start time of 9:00 AM and carry a valid photo ID along with the admit card.
MPBSE Class X Compartment Exam Syllabus
The MPBSE Class X compartment exam follows exactly the same syllabus as the annual main examination. There is no reduced or modified syllabus for the compartment exam — you must prepare the complete prescribed syllabus for every subject in which you failed. The syllabus is defined by MPBSE and is based on NCERT textbooks with Madhya Pradesh state-specific chapters and additions.
You only need to appear in the subjects in which you received a failing grade (Grade D or Grade E). All subjects in which you passed the main exam are not part of the compartment exam. Prepare each failing subject in full as per the standard MPBSE Class X syllabus for the 2027 academic session.
| Subject | Syllabus Source |
|---|---|
| Hindi (Special / General) | Download from mpbse.nic.in |
| English (Special / General) | Download from mpbse.nic.in |
| Mathematics | Download from mpbse.nic.in |
| Science | Download from mpbse.nic.in |
| Social Science | Download from mpbse.nic.in |
| Sanskrit / Urdu / Marathi (Third Language) | Download from mpbse.nic.in |
| Drawing / Painting / Computer / Other Electives | Download from mpbse.nic.in |
Note: The MPBSE Class X syllabus is updated annually. Always download the latest prescribed syllabus from mpbse.nic.in to confirm you are preparing from the correct, current version for the 2027 examination cycle.
MPBSE Class X Compartment Exam Pattern 2027
The MPBSE Class X compartment exam pattern is identical to the main annual examination pattern. Each subject paper is worth 100 marks — 80 marks for theory and 20 marks for internal assessment, with Science carrying a 75-mark theory and 25-mark practical division — and the theory paper is 3 hours long, held from 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM. The question paper contains objective, subjective, and analytical questions in a fixed ratio across all subjects.
| Subject | Theory Marks | Practical / Internal Assessment | Key Sections | Types of Questions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hindi (Special / General) | 80 | 20 (Internal Assessment) | Reading Comprehension, Writing, Grammar, Literature | Objective – 40%, Subjective – 40%, Analytical – 20% |
| English (Special / General) | 80 | 20 (Internal Assessment) | Reading Comprehension, Writing, Grammar, Literature | Objective – 40%, Subjective – 40%, Analytical – 20% |
| Mathematics | 80 | 20 (Internal Assessment) | Number Systems, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Statistics | Objective – 40%, Subjective – 40%, Analytical – 20% |
| Science | 75 | 25 (Practical) | Physics, Chemistry, Biology | Objective – 40%, Subjective – 40%, Analytical – 20% |
| Social Science | 80 | 20 (Internal Assessment) | History, Geography, Political Science, Economics | Objective – 40%, Subjective – 40%, Analytical – 20% |
| Sanskrit / Third Language | 80 | 20 (Internal Assessment) | Grammar, Prose, Poetry, Composition | Objective – 40%, Subjective – 40%, Analytical – 20% |
MPBSE Class X Compartment Exam 2027 Highlights
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Exam Mode | Offline (Pen and Paper) |
| Duration – Theory | 3 Hours (9:00 AM to 12:00 PM) |
| Duration – Practical | 2 Hours (as per individual school / board schedule) |
| Maximum Marks | 100 per subject (80 Theory + 20 Internal for most; 75 Theory + 25 Practical for Science) |
| Minimum Passing Marks | 33% separately in theory and 33% separately in practical / internal assessment |
| Question Types | Objective MCQs (40%), Short/Long Answer Subjective (40%), Analytical (20%) |
| Medium of Exam | Hindi and English (as applicable per subject) |
| Subjects Covered | Only the subject(s) in which the student failed the main exam |
| Conducting Body | Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education (MPBSE) |
| Official Website | mpbse.nic.in / mpbse.mponline.gov.in |
Previous Year Question Papers with Solutions PDF
Solving previous year MPBSE Class X compartment (supplementary) question papers is one of the most reliable ways to prepare. These papers follow exactly the same pattern and difficulty level as the current compartment exam and cover the same syllabus chapters. Practising at least 3–5 years of previous question papers for each failing subject sharpens your understanding of the most-tested topics, the question formats, and how to manage time within the 3-hour paper.
| Question Paper | Download |
|---|---|
| MPBSE Class X Supplementary Question Papers 2026 | Available at mpbse.nic.in |
| MPBSE Class X Supplementary Question Papers 2025 | Available at mpbse.nic.in |
| MPBSE Class X Supplementary Question Papers 2024 | Available at mpbse.nic.in |
| MPBSE Class X Supplementary Question Papers 2023 | Available at mpbse.nic.in |
How to Download MPBSE Class X Compartment Question Papers?
- Visit the official MPBSE website at mpbse.nic.in.
- Navigate to the ’Previous Year Question Papers’ or ’Model Papers’ section on the homepage menu.
- Select ’Class X’ and then choose the academic year and subject for the paper you need.
- The PDF will open in your browser; download and save it for offline practice.
- Also look for MPBSE Class X sample papers and model question papers released by the board for the current session, as these reflect any recent pattern changes.
MPBSE Class X Compartment Exam Eligibility Criteria 2027
MPBSE allows students who fail in one or two subjects to appear for the compartment exam, giving them a way to pass Class X without losing the entire academic year. To be eligible, you must have appeared in the MPBSE Class X main exam 2027 and received Grade D (21–32%) or Grade E (0–20%) in the failed subject(s). Students who fail in three or more subjects are not eligible for the compartment exam and must reappear as regular students in the next annual exam cycle.
You can appear for the MPBSE Class X compartment exam in a maximum of two subjects. Students who were absent in one or two subjects due to a medically certified emergency or other valid reasons verified by MPBSE may also be considered on a case-by-case basis, as per the board’s official guidelines.
| Criteria | Details | Key Insights |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Failed Subjects | Fail in 1 or 2 subjects only | Failing in 3 or more subjects disqualifies a student from the compartment exam; they must repeat as regular students. |
| Qualifying Grade for Compartment | Grade D (21–32%) or Grade E (0–20%) in the failed subject(s) | Grade D+ (33–40%) and above is the passing threshold; only grades below D+ make a student eligible for compartment. |
| Exam Attendance | Must have appeared in the MPBSE Class X main exam 2027 | Students absent without a valid reason verified by MPBSE are generally not eligible for the supplementary exam. |
| Type of Student | Regular school students and private candidates | Both categories of students who appeared in the MPBSE Class X main exam can apply for the compartment exam. |
| Passing Criteria | Minimum 33% marks separately in theory and in practical / internal assessment | Crossing 33% in the combined total alone is not enough — both theory and practical thresholds must be cleared independently. |
| Age | No separate upper age restriction for the compartment exam | The same age norms as the main Class X exam apply for regular students; private candidates follow standard MPBSE private candidate rules. |
What is the rule of compartment exam in MPBSE Class X?
- Regular Students: If you fail in 1 or 2 subjects, your school will inform you about the compartment application process. The school submits the application and fee on your behalf, and you collect the admit card from the school office.
- Private Candidates: Apply directly through the MPBSE online portal at mpbse.mponline.gov.in within the application window. Download the admit card individually once it is released.
- Improvement Candidates: MPBSE Class X improvement candidates follow a separate set of rules and do not typically appear in the same supplementary exam cycle. Check the official MPBSE notification for specific guidance on improvement exam provisions.
What happens after you pass the MPBSE Class X compartment exam? Your MPBSE Class X mark sheet and pass certificate are updated to carry the ’Pass (Compartment)’ notation. This certificate is fully valid for admission to Class 11, vocational courses, ITI programmes, and any other course requiring a Class 10 pass. It holds the same legal and academic standing as a certificate issued to students who passed in the main exam.
What happens if you fail the MPBSE Class X compartment exam? You must reappear in the full MPBSE Class X annual main examination in the next academic year as a regular student. Passing grades from the previous cycle do not carry forward — you must reappear in all compulsory subjects in the next cycle. This is why clearing the compartment exam in the first attempt is critically important: failing it costs an entire academic year.
How many chances are given in MPBSE Class X compartment?
MPBSE Class X students receive the compartment exam as a direct second chance after the main exam. If a student fails the compartment exam, they may reappear as a regular student in the next annual MPBSE Class X examination, which provides a third opportunity. In practice, students get up to three attempts: the annual main exam, the supplementary (compartment) exam, and the following year’s main exam. There is no fixed cap on how many total years a student can attempt the Class X board exam, but each subsequent cycle requires full reregistration and re-examination across all compulsory subjects — making each attempt a full commitment.
MPBSE Class X Compartment Exam: Number of Attempts
| Attempt | Tentative Schedule | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| First Attempt (Main Exam) | February – March 2027 | Annual main exam; all compulsory and optional subjects examined. Result expected April–May 2027. |
| Second Attempt (Compartment / Supplementary Exam) | May – June 2027 (Expected) | Only for students failing in 1 or 2 subjects; exam covers only the failed subject(s). Result expected June–July 2027. |
| Third Attempt (Next Year’s Main Exam) | February – March 2028 | Student must reappear as a regular student in all compulsory subjects. Previously passed subjects do not carry forward. |
MPBSE Class X Compartment Exam Fee Structure
Students eligible for the MPBSE Class X compartment exam 2027 must pay the prescribed fee per failed subject at the time of application. Based on the 2026 cycle, the fee is approximately ₹350 per subject; the official 2027 fee will be confirmed in the MPBSE notification published on mpbse.nic.in after the main result is declared. A late fee is levied if the application is submitted after the regular window closes.
| Student Category | Fee per Subject | Late Fee (Additional) |
|---|---|---|
| Regular Students (Schools in Madhya Pradesh) | ₹350 (Approx., based on 2026 data) | To be announced in 2027 official notification |
| Private Candidates | ₹350 (Approx., based on 2026 data) | To be announced in 2027 official notification |
| Students from Outside Madhya Pradesh | As per MPBSE official notification 2027 | To be announced in 2027 official notification |
Note: Fees listed above are based on historical 2026 data. The official 2027 compartment exam fee will be specified in the MPBSE notification released after the Class X main result. Pay only through the official MPBSE portal — do not pay through any unofficial agents, websites, or individuals.
How to Apply for MPBSE Class X Compartment Exam 2027?
- Step 1 – Check your result: Once the MPBSE Class X 2027 main result is declared at mpresults.nic.in, check which subjects you have failed in (Grade D or Grade E).
- Step 2 – Obtain the application form: Regular students collect the compartment application form from their school office. Private candidates download or access the form at mpbse.mponline.gov.in.
- Step 3 – Fill the form carefully: Enter your roll number, subject(s) for compartment, personal details, and exam centre preference. Verify all entries before submitting.
- Step 4 – Pay the prescribed fee: Pay the fee per failed subject — online via the MPBSE portal for private candidates, or through the school for regular students. Keep your payment receipt.
- Step 5 – Submit within the window: Submit the completed form before the application deadline. Late submission attracts additional late fees and may not be accepted beyond a certain cutoff.
- Step 6 – Download your admit card: Collect (regular students) or download (private candidates) the compartment admit card from mpbse.mponline.gov.in a few days before the exam.
MPBSE Class X Passing Marks Criteria 2027
The passing criteria for the MPBSE Class X compartment exam 2027 are the same as for the main exam. You must score a minimum of 33% marks separately in the theory paper and separately in the practical or internal assessment component — scoring 33% in the combined total alone is not sufficient if you fall below the threshold in either component individually. For a standard subject with 80 marks theory and 20 marks internal assessment, this means a minimum of 27 marks in theory and 7 marks in internal assessment.
| Subject | Theory Marks | Practical / Internal Marks | Passing Marks (Theory) | Passing Marks (Practical / Internal) | Total Passing Marks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hindi (Special / General) | 80 | 20 (Internal) | 27 | 7 | 33 |
| English (Special / General) | 80 | 20 (Internal) | 27 | 7 | 33 |
| Mathematics | 80 | 20 (Internal) | 27 | 7 | 33 |
| Science | 75 | 25 (Practical) | 25 | 9 | 33 |
| Social Science | 80 | 20 (Internal) | 27 | 7 | 33 |
| Sanskrit / Third Language | 80 | 20 (Internal) | 27 | 7 | 33 |
Is 27 a passing mark out of 80 in MPBSE Class X?
Yes — 27 marks out of 80 is the minimum passing mark for theory papers in most MPBSE Class X subjects (33% of 80 = 26.4, rounded up to 27). However, you must also independently score at least 7 out of 20 in internal assessment (33% of 20 = 6.6, rounded up to 7). For Science, where the theory paper carries 75 marks, the minimum theory pass mark is 25 (33% of 75 = 24.75, rounded up to 25) and the minimum practical pass mark is 9 out of 25 (33% of 25 = 8.25, rounded up to 9). Both components — theory and practical/internal — must be cleared independently; crossing the combined average is not a substitute for individual component thresholds.
MPBSE Class X Passing Marks Quick Reference
| Component | Total Marks | 33% (Exact) | Minimum Passing Marks (Rounded) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Theory – Most Subjects | 80 | 26.4 | 27 |
| Theory – Science | 75 | 24.75 | 25 |
| Internal Assessment – Most Subjects | 20 | 6.6 | 7 |
| Practical – Science | 25 | 8.25 | 9 |
| Combined Total – All Subjects | 100 | 33 | 33 |
MPBSE Class X Grading System
MPBSE Class X results are announced using a grade-based marking system that maps percentage scores to letter grades. The scale runs from Grade A+ (91–100%, outstanding) at the top to Grade E (0–20%) at the bottom, with Grade D+ (33–40%) as the minimum grade required to pass a subject. Students who receive Grade D (21–32%) or Grade E (0–20%) in any subject fail that subject and become eligible for the compartment exam. Grade points are assigned from D+ upward and contribute to the overall CGPA calculation.
| Grade | Marks Range (%) | Grade Point | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| A+ | 91 – 100 | 10 | Outstanding |
| A | 81 – 90 | 9 | Excellent |
| B+ | 71 – 80 | 8 | Very Good |
| B | 61 – 70 | 7 | Good |
| C+ | 51 – 60 | 6 | Average |
| C | 41 – 50 | 5 | Below Average |
| D+ | 33 – 40 | 4 | Minimum Pass |
| D | 21 – 32 | — | Fail – Compartment Exam Eligible |
| E | 00 – 20 | — | Fail – Compartment Exam Eligible |
Note: Grade points are assigned only for Grade D+ and above. Grades D and E indicate failure in the subject and carry no grade point. The CGPA is calculated by averaging the grade points across the five main subjects. A student who passes the compartment exam moves from Grade D or E to at least Grade D+ in that subject, which is reflected in the updated mark sheet.
MPBSE Class X Compartment Exam FAQs
Ques. What is the MPBSE Class X compartment exam?
Ans. The MPBSE Class X compartment exam — officially called the Second Main Exam (द्वितीय मुख्य परीक्षा) or Supplementary Exam — is conducted by the Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education for Class 10 students who fail in one or two subjects in the annual main examination. It gives failing students a second chance to clear Class X without repeating the full academic year.
The exam follows the same syllabus, paper pattern, exam centres, and passing criteria (33% minimum in theory and practical separately) as the main exam.
Ques. When will the MPBSE Class X compartment exam 2027 be held?
Ans. The MPBSE Class X compartment exam 2027 is expected in May–June 2027, based on the 2026 pattern when the supplementary exam was held from May 7 to May 19, 2026. The exact subject-wise datesheet will be published on mpbse.nic.in after the Class X main result 2027 is declared in April–May 2027. Applications are expected to open in April–May 2027.
Ques. Who is eligible to appear in the MPBSE Class X compartment exam 2027?
Ans. Students who appeared in the MPBSE Class X main exam 2027 and received Grade D (21–32%) or Grade E (0–20%) in one or two subjects are eligible. Students who fail in three or more subjects are not eligible for the compartment exam and must repeat the year as regular students in the next annual exam cycle.
Ques. What is the minimum passing mark in the MPBSE Class X compartment exam?
Ans. You must score a minimum of 33% marks separately in the theory paper and separately in the practical or internal assessment. For most subjects (80 theory + 20 internal), this means at least 27 marks in theory and 7 marks in internal assessment. For Science (75 theory + 25 practical), the minimums are 25 marks in theory and 9 marks in practical. Scoring 33% in the combined total alone is not sufficient — both individual component thresholds must be cleared.
Ques. How many subjects can I appear for in the MPBSE Class X compartment exam?
Ans. You can appear in a maximum of two subjects in the MPBSE Class X compartment exam — only the subject(s) in which you received Grade D or Grade E. If you have failed in three or more subjects, you are not eligible for the compartment exam and must reappear as a regular student in all compulsory subjects in the next year’s annual Class X exam.
Ques. What happens if I pass the MPBSE Class X compartment exam?
Ans. If you pass the compartment exam, MPBSE issues an updated Class X pass certificate with the notation ’Pass (Compartment)’. This certificate is fully valid for Class 11 admission, vocational courses, ITI programmes, and any other course that requires a Class 10 pass. It carries the same legal and academic standing as a certificate issued to students who passed in the main exam.
Ques. What happens if I fail the MPBSE Class X compartment exam?
Ans. If you fail the compartment exam, you must reappear as a regular student in the full MPBSE Class X annual main examination in the next academic year. You will need to appear in all compulsory subjects — passing grades from the previous cycle do not carry forward. This makes it very important to prepare thoroughly and attempt to clear the compartment exam in your first opportunity, as failing it costs you a full academic year.
Ques. How do I apply for the MPBSE Class X compartment exam 2027?
Ans. After the MPBSE Class X 2027 main result is declared, regular students collect the compartment application form from their school and submit it through the school office along with the prescribed fee. Private candidates apply directly at mpbse.mponline.gov.in. Fill in your roll number, failed subject(s), and personal details; pay approximately ₹350 per subject (2027 fee to be confirmed officially); submit within the application window; and then download or collect your admit card before the exam date.
Ques. Is the MPBSE Class X compartment exam syllabus different from the main exam?
Ans. No — the MPBSE Class X compartment exam covers exactly the same syllabus as the main annual examination. There is no reduction or modification of the syllabus for the compartment exam. You must prepare the complete prescribed syllabus for every subject in which you failed, based on NCERT textbooks with Madhya Pradesh state-specific content as defined by MPBSE for the 2027 session.
Ques. What is the fee for the MPBSE Class X compartment exam 2027?
Ans. Based on the 2026 cycle, the fee is approximately ₹350 per subject. The official 2027 compartment exam fee will be announced in the MPBSE notification published on mpbse.nic.in after the main result is declared in April–May 2027. Always pay only through official MPBSE channels — through your school or the official mpbse.mponline.gov.in portal — and retain the payment receipt as proof.
Disclaimer: The information on this page about the MPBSE Class X Compartment Exam 2027 is based on official MPBSE sources and historical cycle data from 2025–2026. All 2027 dates and fees are projections based on past patterns and are subject to change as per official MPBSE announcements. Students are advised to verify all dates, fees, eligibility conditions, and application procedures from the official Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education website at mpbse.nic.in before taking any action.








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