NIFT 2024 M.Des 5 Feb Shift 1 Question Paper (Available)- Download Answer Key with Solutions PDF

The correct phrase should maintain subject-verb agreement and be grammatically correct.
"Doesn't it make" is the correct choice as it maintains the proper subject-verb inversion structure for questions.
The other options either have incorrect verb forms or word order, which disrupt the natural flow of the sentence.
Conclusion: The correct replacement phrase is "doesn't it make" to ensure proper grammar and clarity.
Quick Tip: In English, subject-verb agreement and word order are essential for constructing grammatically correct questions.

The sentence should describe how the old man looked, in a manner that fits the context of the action.
"Cautiously before" is the most appropriate as it maintains the correct adverbial form to describe how the action of "looking" was performed.
The other options are incorrect because they either disrupt the meaning or structure of the sentence.
Conclusion: The correct phrase is "cautiously before" because it conveys the manner in which the old man looked before crossing the street.
Quick Tip: Adverbs are used to modify verbs and should describe the action clearly and concisely in context.

"Kicked off a row" is a common expression that means to cause a disturbance or argument.
The correct phrase is "kicked off a row" as it correctly conveys the idea of initiating a conflict or commotion.
The other options do not align with the idiomatic expression and disrupt the meaning.
Conclusion: The correct expression is "kicked off a row," which is a well-established idiom meaning to cause trouble.
Quick Tip: Certain phrases in English are idiomatic, meaning their meanings are not literal but culturally understood.

"Nadir" refers to the lowest point or depth, often used figuratively to indicate the lowest point in a situation.
The other options (asylum, heaven, and hell) do not match the meaning of "nadir," which is specifically about a low or depressed state.
Conclusion: The correct synonym for "nadir" is "depth," as it refers to the lowest point in a context.
Quick Tip: Understanding the meaning of a word's synonyms can help in choosing the right word based on context.

"Abstruse" refers to something that is difficult to understand or obscure.
The word "obscure" is a close synonym, meaning something that is not clear or hard to understand.
The other options (dangerous, impracticable, irrational) do not convey the meaning of "abstruse."
Conclusion: The word "obscure" is the correct synonym for "abstruse," both indicating difficulty in understanding.
Quick Tip: When encountering difficult words, it's helpful to look for synonyms that match in meaning to aid understanding.

"Paranoid" refers to being excessively worried or obsessed, often with irrational fears of being harmed or persecuted.
"Obsessed with" is the best synonym, as it implies a persistent and irrational focus on something, which aligns with the meaning of "paranoid."
The other options do not capture the specific, irrational obsession implied by "paranoid."
Conclusion: "Obsessed with" is the closest synonym for "paranoid," reflecting irrational or excessive concern.
Quick Tip: Understanding the nuances of words helps in choosing the most accurate synonym based on context.

The correct spelling is "Rabble-rouser," which refers to a person who stirs up others' emotions, especially in a disruptive way.
The other options have incorrect spellings.
Conclusion: The correct spelling is "Rabble-rouser," a term used for someone who incites unrest.
Quick Tip: When unsure about a word's spelling, refer to reliable dictionaries for guidance on proper usage.

The correct spelling is "Acquittal," which refers to a legal judgment that a person is not guilty of the charges.
The other options are incorrect and do not represent the correct legal term.
Conclusion: "Acquittal" is the correct spelling for the legal term meaning the clearing of charges.
Quick Tip: Always verify legal and formal terms for correct spelling to avoid errors in professional contexts.

The correct spelling is "Enunciation," which refers to the act of pronouncing words clearly and distinctly.
"Enunciation" comes from the Latin root "enuntiatio," meaning "to announce or declare," and is widely used in contexts such as public speaking, linguistics, or acting, where clear articulation is crucial.
Option (1) "Enounciation" is incorrect because it introduces an unnecessary "o" after "en."
Option (3) "Enounsiation" incorrectly inserts an "i" after "ou" and disrupts the word's usual pronunciation.
Option (4) "Enunsiasion" is another incorrect form, primarily due to the "siasion" ending, which does not correspond to any standard English spelling or pronunciation of the term.
The word "Enunciation" is fundamental in teaching pronunciation and speech clarity, often emphasized in both linguistic studies and speech therapy.
It is also used in contexts like law, where clear verbal expression is necessary for ensuring legal statements are properly communicated.
The correct usage of spelling helps ensure the meaning is understood and avoids confusion in professional or academic settings.
Conclusion: "Enunciation" is the correct term, widely used for clear articulation, and its proper spelling is essential for clarity and accuracy in both spoken and written communication.
Quick Tip: When learning pronunciation or speech techniques, focus on enunciation to ensure every word is clear and understood by the audience.

The word "Bombastic" refers to speech or writing that is high-sounding but with little meaning, typically using overly complex words to seem impressive.
It is often used to describe language that is pretentious, inflated, and lacking in substance, much like what is described in the question.
"Bombastic" comes from the word "bombast," which originally referred to cotton padding used to make garments puffy, but over time came to describe inflated language.
Option (1) "Vituperative" means harshly critical or abusive speech, which doesn't align with the description of pretentious or inflated speech.
Option (3) "Austere" means severe or strict in manner, attitude, or appearance, which is the opposite of bombastic, as it implies simplicity or plainness rather than exaggerated speech.
Option (4) "Untruthful" refers to something false or dishonest, which also does not match the idea of pretentious or inflated language.
In contexts like public speaking or writing, bombastic language is often used to impress or deceive an audience, but it typically fails to convey clear meaning.
Recognizing bombastic language can help in identifying when speech or writing is overly elaborate without substance, often used in politics or advertising.
Using bombastic language is usually discouraged in professional communication because it can confuse the audience and lead to misunderstandings.
Conclusion: The correct term for "high-flown and pretentious speech" is "Bombastic," describing language that is inflated, pompous, and lacking in real meaning.
Quick Tip: When analyzing speeches or written content, look for bombastic language that may obscure clarity and reduce the effectiveness of the communication.

The term "apostate" refers to someone who abandons or renounces their religious faith or beliefs.
This term specifically addresses the act of desertion in a religious context.
"Deserter" (1) may refer to someone who abandons any duty or allegiance, not specifically religion.
"Opportunist" (3) refers to someone who takes advantage of situations for personal gain, often without concern for principles, but doesn't necessarily involve desertion of beliefs.
"Reticent" (4) means someone who is reserved or silent, which is unrelated to the concept of abandoning one's religion.
The most accurate term in this context is "apostate," as it specifically refers to a person who has abandoned their faith.
Conclusion: An "apostate" is someone who has deserted their religion or belief system, making it the correct term for this expression.
Quick Tip: When discussing changes in belief systems, "apostate" specifically refers to someone who renounces their faith, unlike terms like "deserter" or "opportunist."

"Agenda" refers to a list or a plan of items to be discussed or acted upon at a meeting.
It is a formal schedule that outlines the topics of discussion and the order in which they will be addressed.
"Minutes" (1) refers to the written record of what transpired during the meeting, not a list of topics to be discussed.
"Excerpts" (3) are short extracts or selections from a larger text, which is unrelated to the concept of a meeting agenda.
"Proceedings" (4) refers to the actual events or actions that take place during a meeting, not the planned list of items.
Conclusion: The correct term for a list of matters to be transacted at a meeting is "agenda."
Quick Tip: An agenda is crucial for the effective management of meetings, providing structure and focus for the discussions.

The appropriate preposition to use in this context is "through." "Through" indicates movement within or inside something, in this case, the forest. "From" (1) would imply a starting point, which is not correct in this context.
"Along" (3) suggests moving in a line or direction parallel to something, which doesn't fit the description of the action. "Among" (4) refers to being surrounded by something, but it doesn't make sense for describing movement by a forest.
Conclusion: The correct preposition is "through," as it best describes movement within the forest.
Quick Tip: When describing movement inside or within an enclosed space or area, use "through" to indicate the passage.

The appropriate preposition to use in this context is "below."
The sentence indicates that the temperature reaches a point that is 4°C *lower* than some implied starting point.
"From" (1) would be more appropriate if we were specifying the starting temperature (e.g., "The temperature falls from 10°C to 6°C").
"At" (3) refers to a specific point, not a range or change. "Into" (4) is used for movement or transition, not temperature change.
Conclusion: "Below" is the correct preposition to indicate the temperature falling to a point 4°C lower.
Quick Tip: Use "below" when indicating a level or value lower than a reference point.

The correct preposition is "to" because we are making a comparison between two things.
The phrase "compared to" is used to show similarity or equivalence between two items.
"And" (1) does not fit in this context because we are not connecting two items but making a comparison.
"By" (3) refers to the agent performing an action and doesn’t work in this context.
"At" (4) is used for indicating location, not for comparisons.
Conclusion: "To" is the correct preposition to use when making a comparison between two items.
Quick Tip: When making comparisons, use "to" to connect the items being compared.

"Effect" refers to the result or outcome of a particular cause.
The opposite of "effect" is "cause," which refers to the reason or origin of something.
"Educ" (1) is related to drawing out or bringing forth, which does not directly oppose "effect."
"Sidle" (3) means to move sideways, often secretly or furtively, and is unrelated to "effect."
"Redact" (4) means to edit or prepare written content, particularly for public release, and does not relate to the concept of "effect."
Conclusion: The opposite of "effect" is "cause," as it refers to the origin of an event or result.
Quick Tip: Understanding word opposites (antonyms) helps clarify concepts and improves vocabulary.

"Insolence" refers to rude or disrespectful behavior, often in the form of impudence or arrogance.
The opposite of "insolence" is "servility," which refers to the behavior of being overly submissive or obedient, often in a deferential manner.
"Insipidity" (2) refers to something dull or lacking in flavor, which is unrelated to insolence.
"Oboe" (3) is a musical instrument and has no connection to the concept of insolence.
"Infuse" (4) means to introduce a quality or element, which is also unrelated to insolence.
Conclusion: "Servility" is the correct antonym for "insolence," as it implies submissiveness in contrast to arrogance.
Quick Tip: Antonyms help refine understanding of words and their meanings, enhancing vocabulary comprehension.

"Propulsion" refers to the act of driving or pushing something forward, typically used to describe a force that moves something ahead, like the propulsion of a boat or vehicle.
The opposite of propulsion is "traction," which refers to the grip or hold, often preventing movement or slowing it down, particularly when related to wheels or surfaces.
"Expel" (1) means to force something out, which is not directly related to propulsion in terms of movement.
"Fulminate" (2) means to protest strongly or to erupt in anger, which doesn't directly oppose propulsion.
"Driver" (3) is a person who operates a vehicle and has no direct relationship to the concept of propulsion itself.
Conclusion: "Traction" is the correct antonym for "propulsion," as it involves the resistance or grip that slows movement, in contrast to the forward force of propulsion.
Quick Tip: Understanding the difference between "propulsion" and "traction" is key to recognizing how forces work in movement and resistance.

"Ripoff" refers to a fraudulent or unfair transaction, typically involving overcharging or deceit.
The word "swindle" is a perfect synonym as it means to cheat or deceive someone, often for financial gain. "Mantle" (1) refers to a covering or a role and is unrelated to the concept of cheating or fraud. "Ritzy" (2) refers to something luxurious or high-class, which has no relation to dishonesty or deception. "Roister" (3) means to engage in noisy, boisterous activities, often in a carefree manner, but does not relate to fraudulent activities.
Conclusion: "Swindle" is the correct synonym for "ripoff," both referring to dishonest or deceptive practices, especially in financial transactions.
Quick Tip: "Ripoff" and "swindle" are commonly used in the context of fraudulent transactions or scams, particularly in commerce.

"Admonish" means to warn or reprimand someone firmly, often in a mild manner.
The word "reprove" is a synonym, as it also means to criticize or correct someone, typically for behavior or actions that are deemed inappropriate.
"Spurn" (1) means to reject or disdain, which is not related to offering a mild reprimand or warning.
"Manikin" (2) refers to a small model of the human body or a figure used for display, unrelated to criticism or admonition.
"Quell" (4) means to suppress or put an end to something, which is not the same as offering a reprimand or advice.
Conclusion: "Reprove" is the correct synonym for "admonish," as both involve giving a firm but constructive correction or reprimand.
Quick Tip: When reprimanding, "admonish" is often used to indicate a mild warning or advice, while "reprove" is a similar term focusing on correction.

"Pasty" refers to something that has a pale, sickly color, or something soft and doughy.
"Pallid" is the closest synonym, as it also means pale or lacking color, typically used to describe someone's complexion or appearance.
"Mold" (1) refers to a type of fungus or a shaped form, which is not related to the meaning of "pasty."
"Asphalt" (2) is a type of material used for roads and is unrelated to the idea of color or appearance.
"Spot" (4) refers to a small mark or location, which does not fit the meaning of "pasty."
Conclusion: The word "pallid" is the correct synonym for "pasty," as both refer to a lack of color or a pale appearance.
Quick Tip: When describing color or complexion, terms like "pallid" and "pasty" both indicate an unhealthy or pale appearance.

The error lies in part (B), "there has been," which should be corrected to "there was" to match the past tense of the sentence.
The sentence refers to a time in the past ("In early India"), so the correct past tense form is required.
"Has been" is the present perfect tense, which is inappropriate here since the sentence is about a historical period.
The rest of the sentence is grammatically correct.
Conclusion: The error is in part (B), and the correct phrasing is "there was" instead of "there has been."
Quick Tip: When describing past events, ensure that the tense matches the timeframe being referenced, such as using the simple past "was" instead of present perfect "has been."

The error is in part (B), where "beside" should be replaced with "because" or "as" to make the sentence grammatically correct. "Beside" is a preposition meaning "next to" or "by the side of," but in this context, it doesn’t make sense. The sentence is expressing a reason for not being hungry, and the correct conjunction to use is "because" or "as" to link the clauses. The rest of the sentence is grammatically correct.
Conclusion: The error is in part (B), where "beside" should be changed to "because" or "as."
Quick Tip: When linking clauses with a reason, use conjunctions like "because" or "since" instead of prepositions like "beside."

The error is in part (A), where "Me" should be replaced with "I" to maintain correct subject pronoun usage.
"Me" is an object pronoun, but here it is used as the subject of the sentence, which is grammatically incorrect.
The correct subject pronoun in this context is "I."
The rest of the sentence is correct.
Conclusion: The error is in part (A), where "Me" should be changed to "I."
Quick Tip: When using a subject pronoun, always choose the correct form, such as "I" instead of "me."

The idiomatic expression "poured oil on troubled water" refers to calming down a difficult or tense situation. However, in the context of the family's fight for the property, it suggests that the patriarchal decision worsened the situation. By "pouring oil on troubled water," the situation may have been made worse by exacerbating old conflicts. Hence, the phrase implies an attempt to rectify the matter, not to worsen it. Therefore, option (4) "to rectify the matter" fits the idiomatic meaning in this context.
Conclusion:
The correct interpretation of the idiomatic expression "poured oil on troubled water" is "to rectify the matter," as it suggests resolving or calming a troubled situation. Quick Tip: When encountering idioms, it's important to focus on their figurative meanings, as with "pouring oil on troubled waters," which can refer to attempts at resolution rather than escalating the issue.

The expression "to burn the candle at both ends" means to work or exert oneself continuously without rest, often to the point of exhaustion. It implies overworking or using energy excessively, typically in both early morning and late night hours.
Option (2) "to work hard continuously" accurately describes the meaning of the idiom. It refers to putting in a lot of effort, especially without taking breaks.
Option (3) "to strive hard" is also relevant, as it suggests working with great effort, though it's not as specific as the idea of continuous work.
Option (4) "to spend lavishly" can also apply to the idiom in a figurative sense, where overexertion or draining resources (such as time and energy) might be implied. However, it's less common.
Option (1) "to succeed slowly" does not reflect the idea of overworking and is incorrect. Conclusion:
The correct interpretation of "to burn the candle at both ends" includes options (2), (3), and (4), all of which can reflect the act of excessive effort or consumption. Quick Tip: When you encounter idioms, look for the meaning that describes overwork or excessive effort, as with "burning the candle at both ends."

"To catch a tartar" is an idiomatic expression that refers to engaging with someone who is more difficult or powerful than one originally expected, typically leading to unforeseen consequences.
The phrase originates from the story of a tartar (a member of a fierce nomadic people), implying that attempting to deal with such a person can backfire.
Option (1) "to catch a flatterer red-handed" is unrelated to the idea of encountering someone unexpectedly difficult.
Option (2) refers to a compromising situation but doesn't capture the idea of encountering someone more powerful.
Option (4) does not align with the meaning of the phrase, which is about an overpowering challenge, not about resolving conflict.
Conclusion: "To catch a tartar" means to encounter someone who is more powerful or difficult than anticipated.
Quick Tip: Understanding idiomatic expressions like "catch a tartar" can help you interpret situations where you unexpectedly face stronger challenges.

The correct word is "adolescence," which refers to the period of life between childhood and adulthood, generally from ages 12 to 18.
The other options contain misspellings of the word "adolescence."
"Adolescence" is the most widely accepted spelling and is used to describe the stage of life characterized by physical, emotional, and social changes.
Conclusion: The correct spelling is "adolescence," which is a critical stage of development as individuals transition from childhood to adulthood.
Quick Tip: Remember to check the correct spelling of commonly used terms, especially those describing developmental stages like "adolescence."

The correct spelling is "jewellery," which refers to ornaments, typically made of precious metals and stones, worn for personal adornment.
Option (1) "Jewllery" is a misspelling with an extra "l."
Option (3) "Jewelery" is another incorrect spelling that omits one "l" and is not the standard form.
Option (4) "Jesellerry" is not a valid word and is a clear misspelling.
Conclusion: "Jewellery" is the correct spelling for items worn for adornment or decoration.
Quick Tip: Check the standard spelling of words related to objects or items, especially in formal writing, like "jewellery."

The correct word is "jettisoned," which means to discard or throw away something that is no longer useful or needed.
In this context, the phrase implies that the team coach was removed or dismissed after the defeat.
Option (1) "jetisoned" is a misspelling with a misplaced letter.
Option (2) "Jctissoned" is not a correct spelling and is clearly an error.
Option (4) "Jettissoned" is a misspelling of the correct word with an extra "s."
Conclusion: "Jettisoned" is the correct term for being dismissed or discarded, especially in the context of someone being removed after a defeat.
Quick Tip: Always check the correct spelling of verbs, especially when they describe actions like "jettison" (to discard or remove).

Statement (3) is incorrect because the Pahadi Korwa project is mentioned as worthRS42 crores, but the passage does not say the money was directly related to the Rachketha village road construction.
The rest of the statements are correct:
(1) Ramdas does indeed want his water issues to be addressed.
(2) The Pahadi Korwas are a minority in Rachketha, as most of the village is not inhabited by them.
(4) Lal mitti was used to "improve" the existing kutcha road, and the passage sarcastically mentions the potential for a swimming pool in the name of tribal development.
Conclusion: Statement (3) is incorrect because theRS42 crores Pahadi Korwa project is not specifically mentioned in relation to the road.
Quick Tip: Always pay attention to the details in a passage to understand whether statements are directly supported by the text.

The government did fulfill its target of "tribal development" by allocatingRS17.44 lakh for the road project, although it did not effectively address the real needs of the villagers like water.
The rest of the statements are incorrect:
(1) The passage does not mention that 45% of the villagers were rich.
(2) There was no swimming pool or bungalow; the mention was sarcastic in relation to the pointless road project.
(3) TheRS17.44 lakh was spent on the road, but it was not a "pucca road," just an upgraded kutcha road.
Conclusion: The government fulfilled its target of tribal development in the sense of spending money on the road, though it did not address the villagers' true needs.
Quick Tip: Understanding the purpose and outcome of actions in the text helps in identifying the most accurate statement.

Statement (4) is correct because the passage repeatedly highlights that Ramdas’s main concern was the lack of water, not the road or other developments.
The other statements are incorrect:
(1) Ramdas was not overjoyed about theRS17.44 lakh being allocated, and it had nothing to do with his worth.
(2) The road did not benefit the Pahadi Korwas, as the village had very few of them.
(3) The government’s response was not to deposit money but to spend it on an unnecessary road project.
Conclusion: The main issue for Ramdas and the villagers was the lack of water, which was ignored by the government’s development efforts.
Quick Tip: When analyzing texts, identify the main concerns or needs of the characters to better understand the situation and context.

"Improvement" refers to making something better or advancing it.
"Development" is a synonym for improvement, as it refers to the process of growth or progress in various fields such as social, economic, or physical contexts.
The other options are not synonyms for improvement: "Efforts" (1) refers to exertion or work, not necessarily resulting in improvement.
"Fulfilling" (2) refers to completing or satisfying a need, not improving something.
"Overjoyed" (4) refers to happiness or delight, which is unrelated to the concept of improvement.
Conclusion: "Development" is the closest synonym for "improvement," as both involve progress or growth.
Quick Tip: When looking for synonyms, consider the context of the word and its associated meanings to find the closest match.

"Lacking" refers to something that is missing or absent.
"Devoid" means entirely without something, which is synonymous with "lacking."
The other options are not synonyms for lacking:
"Scheme" (1) refers to a plan or arrangement, unrelated to the concept of absence.
"Bottom" (3) refers to the lowest part of something, which does not relate to lacking.
"Little" (4) refers to a small amount of something, not its absence.
Conclusion: "Devoid" is the correct synonym for "lacking," both referring to something being absent.
Quick Tip: Synonyms for absence or missing things often include words like "devoid" or "empty." Consider the context when selecting the best fit.

"Ignored" means to pay no attention to or disregard something or someone.
The opposite of ignored is "taken care of," meaning to attend to or give attention to something or someone.
The other options do not directly oppose "ignored":
"Poorest" (1) refers to a socioeconomic condition, which is unrelated to being ignored.
"Devoid" (3) means lacking something, not the opposite of ignoring.
"Simple" (4) refers to something uncomplicated and does not contrast with ignoring.
Conclusion: The opposite of "ignored" is "taken care of," as it involves giving attention or addressing a need.
Quick Tip: Understanding antonyms helps in distinguishing between concepts like "attention" and "neglect."

The passage makes it clear that the primary goal of infrastructure development during the colonial regime was to serve colonial interests and expand colonialism, not to benefit the colonized people.
Infrastructure like railways and roads were built mainly for the purpose of mobilizing the army and extracting raw materials from the countryside to be sent abroad.
Therefore, the correct answer is (2) because it emphasizes the purpose of advancing colonialism.
The other options are incorrect as they either focus on benefits for the Indian economy or people, which were secondary to the goals of the colonial powers.
Conclusion: The correct answer is (2), as the development of infrastructure was primarily to serve the colonial agenda.
Quick Tip: When evaluating colonial development, remember that it was often designed to benefit the colonizers, not the colonized populations.

The main purpose of the railways under British rule was to serve colonial interests.
Railways were primarily used for extracting raw materials from Indian villages to ports for export to Britain and other countries.
Although railways helped in transport, the passage notes that the benefits were more for expanding colonial control and commercializing agriculture, rather than benefiting the local population.
Thus, option (4) is the correct choice, as it focuses on the exploitation aspect of the railways.
The other options, while partially true in terms of the railways' capabilities, do not fully capture the colonial intent described in the passage.
Conclusion: The primary purpose of the railways was to serve the British regime's interests, particularly in expanding colonial control and facilitating exploitation.
Quick Tip: Remember, colonial infrastructure was often more about exploiting resources and maintaining control than improving local economies.

The colonial project in India was not only centered on infrastructure like roads, railways, and posts but also heavily impacted the people, economy, and culture. The British colonial regime sought to control and exploit both the human and material resources of the country, and this involved large-scale development of infrastructure alongside economic and cultural influences.
Option (1) "People, economy and culture" captures part of the story but does not include the infrastructure aspect, which was crucial to the colonial project.
Option (2) "Roads, railways and posts" focuses only on the infrastructure developed by the British but overlooks the broader impact on people and culture.
Option (3) "Vehicles, flights and posts" is not historically accurate, as vehicles and flights were not central to the colonial period in India.
Option (4) "People, economy, culture, roads, railways and posts" provides a comprehensive view of the colonial project, encompassing both the human and material aspects of colonialism, making it the most accurate. Conclusion:
The colonial project in India was centered on all of these elements: the development of infrastructure (roads, railways, and posts), alongside the exploitation and transformation of the people, economy, and culture to serve colonial interests. Quick Tip: When studying colonialism, it's important to consider the full scope of its impact, including both infrastructure development and its effects on the local population, economy, and culture.

The electric telegraph was specifically introduced to maintain law and order, according to the passage.
It was an expensive system designed for communication across the country, often to control and monitor activities.
The other options, while important in colonial administration, did not specifically serve the dual purpose of law enforcement.
"Canal and government exchequer" (1) refers to an uneconomical system.
"Postal services" (3) were useful but not explicitly linked to law enforcement.
"Roads and Railways" (4) were more about transportation and resource extraction, not law enforcement.
Conclusion: The electric telegraph served the dual purpose of maintaining law and order under British rule.
Quick Tip: When studying colonial infrastructure, recognize that certain systems like the telegraph were used to control and monitor the population.

The passage notes that while railways enabled the export of goods, it also led to the commercialization of agriculture, which adversely impacted the self-sufficiency of village economies.
The shift towards commercial agriculture led to dependency on external markets, undermining the village economies' sustainability.
While shortages of roads (options 2 and 3) were issues, the commercialization of agriculture had a more significant negative impact on the economy.
Inadequate postal services (option 4) were an issue, but they did not have as direct an economic impact.
Conclusion: The commercialization of agriculture, alongside the railways, severely affected the self-sufficiency and economic health of village economies in India.
Quick Tip: When considering the impact of infrastructure, think about both direct and indirect effects, such as the commercialization of agriculture leading to dependency.

The passage indicates that the infrastructure developments in India were not intended to benefit the local population, and some systems, like inland waterways, proved uneconomical.
Ports and water transport were crucial for trade but remained underdeveloped and inefficient.
Roads and railways (option 1) were more developed for colonial purposes.
Postal and telegraph services (option 2) also had their limitations, but water transport and ports were particularly underdeveloped.
Conclusion: Ports and water transport were the most underdeveloped sectors in British India, despite their importance for trade.
Quick Tip: Infrastructure development during colonial times was often lopsided, with certain sectors underdeveloped despite their importance for trade.

The passage directly mentions that Chola temples were not only places of worship but also became centers of craft production.
The other options do not directly refer to craft production in the context provided by the passage.
Temples with land (1) and settlements (3) were important, but it is Chola temples themselves that are specifically noted as centers for crafts like the making of bronze images.
Conclusion: Chola temples were the centers of craft production, particularly for the making of bronze images.
Quick Tip: When reading a passage, focus on the key words and phrases that directly answer the question. Here, the temples were explicitly identified as craft production centers.

The passage explains that temples were endowed with land, and the produce of this land went into maintaining the specialists who worked at the temple, such as priests, cooks, and musicians.
The other options, such as the endowments by the rulers (1) or the crafts produced in the temple (3), did not directly provide for the maintenance of the specialists.
Making bronze statues (4) was a craft associated with the temple but not the primary means of supporting the workers.
Conclusion: The specialists at the Chola temples were supported by the income generated from the crops grown on the temple’s land.
Quick Tip: The passage links the upkeep of temple specialists directly to the income from agricultural produce, a vital detail to remember.

The passage emphasizes that Chola temples were not only places of worship but also important centers of economic, social, and cultural activities, supporting various specialists and promoting craft production.
Option (4) captures this dual role accurately.
The other options, while mentioning important aspects of Chola temples, do not encompass their full importance as described in the passage.
Conclusion: The Chola temples were significant not only as places of worship but also as centers of cultural, social, and economic activity.
Quick Tip: When identifying the most comprehensive statement, look for one that integrates all key aspects mentioned in the passage.

The word "deities" is the appropriate one to substitute for "gods and goddesses" in the context of the passage.
"Deities" is a more formal term for divine beings worshipped in religious contexts.
"Images" (2) would refer to physical representations but not the divine beings themselves.
"Specialists" (1) and "devotees" (4) do not fit as replacements for gods and goddesses.
Conclusion: The correct term is "deities," which refers to gods and goddesses worshipped in temples.
Quick Tip: When looking for a one-word substitute, ensure the replacement fits the context and meaning of the original phrase.

The correct analogy is "Temple : Deity" because a temple, like a school, is a place for a specific purpose—in this case, worshipping deities.
A school is a place for students, and a temple is a place for deities, making "deity" the most logical answer.
"Priest" (1) and "sweeper" (2) are roles that work in the temple, but they are not the main focus of the temple, which is the deities.
"Devotee" (4) refers to worshippers fit as the direct counterpart to "Temple " in the analogy.
Conclusion: The correct word to complete the analogy is "deity," as temples are places for worshiping deities, just as schools are places for students.
Quick Tip: Analogies often focus on the primary role or purpose of the entities involved, so identify the central purpose in each case.

An "endowment" refers to money or property given to an institution, typically for its ongoing support and to generate income.
"Settlement" (1) typically refers to a colony or agreement, not a financial contribution.
"Produce" (3) refers to goods or crops, and "distinctions" (4) refers to honors or awards, neither of which fit the context of providing income to an institution.
Conclusion: The correct term is "endowment," which refers to a financial gift given to institutions for their support.
Quick Tip: When considering financial terms, "endowment" is commonly used to describe funds or assets given to support an institution.

The passage mentions that Kisan Mehta suggested that cotton, which is the biggest user of chemical pesticides, could be grown organically.
Option (3) is the correct choice as it aligns with the suggestion of organic cotton farming.
Option (1) talks about water usage, but the passage focuses on pesticide use, not water.
Option (2) is true but doesn't address the possibility of growing cotton organically.
Option (4) is inaccurate; the passage mentions that 130 farmers have committed to growing cotton organically on 1200 hectares, not artificially growing it.
Conclusion: Cotton can indeed be grown organically, as demonstrated in the passage.
Quick Tip: Pay attention to the core theme of a passage, like organic farming practices in this case, which help in answering the questions accurately.

"Famous" is the word that means "known by many people."
"Committed" (1) refers to being dedicated, not widely known.
"Marginal" (3) refers to something being on the edge or not central, unrelated to being widely known.
"Associated" (4) refers to being connected with something, but does not imply wide recognition.
Conclusion: The correct synonym for "known by many people" is "famous."
Quick Tip: When looking for synonyms, consider the context of recognition or renown to identify the correct word.

"Accredited" means officially recognized or authorized, which fits with the meaning of "officially recognized as something."
"Federation" (1) refers to a group or association, unrelated to recognition.
"Standards" (2) refers to established norms or criteria but doesn't imply official recognition.
"Profitable" (3) refers to financial benefit, not official recognition.
Conclusion: "Accredited" is the correct word for something that is officially recognized.
Quick Tip: In formal contexts, "accredited" is often used when something or someone is officially recognized or approved.

Statement (3) is incorrect. The passage mentions that 78% of Indian farmers are marginal farmers, not 22%, and they own 20% of the cultivable land.
The other statements are correct:
(1) and (2) mention the organic cotton farming initiative and the high quality of the produce.
(4) mentions the profitability of organic farming, which is highlighted in the passage as well.
Conclusion: Statement (3) is incorrect as it inaccurately describes the proportion of farmers and cultivable land.
Quick Tip: When reviewing percentages and figures in passages, ensure they align with the specific data presented in the text.

Statement (4) is correct, as organic farming is noted to help in soil conservation, which is mentioned in the passage as one of the benefits for farmers.
(1) is incorrect because it attributes the 78% figure to AGRECO, but the passage doesn't link this figure to AGRECO.
(2) is also incorrect, as the passage does not state that 22% of farmers are rich.
(3) is not correct, as AGRECO is an accredited agency that tested the cotton, not a farming body.
Conclusion: Organic farming contributes to soil conservation, which is the correct statement.
Quick Tip: Focus on the specific details given in the passage to identify which statement directly matches the information provided.

"Organic" refers to substances that come from living organisms, which is the opposite of something that does not consist of living substances.
"Chemical" (1) and "Pesticides" (2) typically refer to synthetic or non-living substances.
"Agriculture" (4) refers to farming, which can involve both organic and non-organic substances, so it doesn't directly oppose "not consisting of living substance."
Conclusion: "Organic" is the correct opposite, as it refers to substances derived from living organisms.
Quick Tip: When asked about opposites, think about the fundamental nature of the terms involved, like "organic" versus "inorganic" in this case.

Organic farming is known to require more labor input compared to conventional farming because it avoids the use of synthetic chemicals, pesticides, and fertilizers. This means that farmers need to rely more on manual labor, crop rotation, and other natural methods to manage pests and maintain soil health.
Option (3) "Organic farming requires more labour input than conventional farming" is correct because it is indeed one of the known disadvantages of organic farming.
Option (1) "Organic farming yields lesser crops compared to modern agricultural farming" is often true in the initial years of organic farming, though it can improve over time.
Option (2) "Organic farming generates marginal returns on investment" is incorrect. Organic farming can sometimes generate good returns by reducing input costs such as synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, though returns can vary based on location and market demand.
Option (4) "Organic farming produces are blemished with shorter shelf life" is another disadvantage as organic products often have a shorter shelf life and may have visible imperfections.
Conclusion:
The statement "Organic farming requires more labour input than conventional farming" is indeed a disadvantage of organic farming, and this makes option (3) the correct choice. Quick Tip: When evaluating disadvantages, ensure you check the context provided in the passage for any statements that seem contradictory.

The word "marginal" means small, insignificant, or not important, which fits the description given in the question.
"Labour" (1) refers to work or physical effort and does not match the meaning of small or insignificant.
"Inadequate" (2) refers to something being insufficient, not small or unimportant.
"Domestic" (4) refers to something related to home or household, not small or unimportant.
Conclusion: The correct word is "marginal," which means small and not important.
Quick Tip: When looking for a synonym, pay attention to the context and choose the word that best fits the meaning of being small or insignificant.

"Sustainable" refers to practices that do not deplete resources or harm the environment, fitting the description in the question.
"Organic" (2) refers to farming methods that avoid synthetic chemicals but does not specifically cover environmental sustainability.
"Nutritional" (3) refers to the value of food and health benefits, not environmental impact.
"Locally" (4) refers to something being produced within a particular area, not related to sustainability or environmental impact.
Conclusion: The word "sustainable" is the correct term, as it refers to methods that avoid environmental harm.
Quick Tip: "Sustainable" is often used in environmental contexts, referring to practices that can be maintained long-term without negative consequences.

The passage mentions that organic farming yields less than modern farming in the initial years, making it difficult for small and marginal farmers to adapt to large-scale production.
The other options are not directly cited as reasons for difficulty in adapting to large-scale production in the passage.
"Limited yield in the initial years" (3) is the key factor that challenges farmers.
Conclusion: Small and marginal farmers struggle with large-scale organic production because of limited yields in the early years.
Quick Tip: When considering challenges in organic farming, focus on factors like initial yield and market readiness, which are specifically mentioned in the passage.

The passage mentions that organic produce has a shorter shelf life, which makes statement (2) true.
Statement (1) is false as organic farming requires an appropriate agriculture policy, which is mentioned as a requirement.
Statement (3) is not true, as the passage suggests organic farming may not be inexpensive due to its higher labor input.
Statement (4) is incorrect because marketing organic products is a significant challenge, as mentioned in the passage.
Conclusion: The correct statement is that organic farming products have a shorter shelf life.
Quick Tip: Be careful with statements that sound too broad; in this case, marketing problems and agricultural policy are key to understanding organic farming challenges.

Organic agriculture does use some technology, such as organic inputs and farming techniques, but it avoids synthetic chemicals and pesticides.
Statement (2) is false because the passage does not describe organic farming as technology-free.
Statement (1) is true as organic farming uses locally produced inputs.
Statement (3) is true as organic agriculture generates income through exports.
Statement (4) is true, as studies show organic food has more nutritional value.
Conclusion: The false statement is that organic agriculture is technology-free.
Quick Tip: Pay attention to the details about technology usage in organic farming—it often uses alternative technologies, but not synthetic ones.

Let the marked price be \( M \).
Cost price (C.P.) = \( M - 0.20M = 0.80M \).
Selling price (S.P.) = \( M - 0.08M = 0.92M \).
Profit = Selling Price - Cost Price
= \( 0.92M - 0.80M = 0.12M \).
Profit Percentage = \[ \frac{\text{Profit}}{\text{Cost Price}} \times 100\]
\[= \frac{0.12M}{0.80M} \times 100 = 15% \].
Thus, the correct answer is (A) 15% profit. Quick Tip: When calculating profit or loss percentage, always compare the profit with the cost price.

Let the principal be \( P \) and the rate of interest be \( R \). Using the formula for Simple Interest: \[ \text{Amount} = P + \frac{P \times R \times T}{100} \] For 2 years, we have: \[ 720 = P + \frac{P \times R \times 2}{100} \quad \text{(Equation 1)} \] For 7 years, we have: \[ 1020 = P + \frac{P \times R \times 7}{100} \quad \text{(Equation 2)} \] Subtract Equation 1 from Equation 2: \[ 1020 - 720 = \left( \frac{P \times R \times 7}{100} \right) - \left( \frac{P \times R \times 2}{100} \right) \] \[ 300 = \frac{P \times R \times 5}{100} \] \[ 300 \times 100 = P \times R \times 5 \] \[ 30000 = P \times R \times 5 \] \[ P \times R = 6000 \quad \text{(Equation 3)} \] Substitute this value into Equation 1: \[ 720 = P + \frac{6000 \times 2}{100} \] \[ 720 = P + 120 \] \[ P = 600 \] Substitute \( P = 600 \) into Equation 3: \[ 600 \times R = 6000 \] \[ R = 10% \text{ per annum} \] Quick Tip: To find the rate of interest, subtract the two amounts and divide the difference by the number of years, then solve for the rate.

Let the sum of rs 84,000 be divided between A and B in the ratio 4:3. Thus, A's share = \( \frac{4}{7} \times 84000 = 48000 \), and B's share = \( \frac{3}{7} \times 84000 = 36000 \). Let rs X be the amount added to each of their shares. After adding rs X to each, the new shares become \( 48000 + X \) and \( 36000 + X \). The new ratio is given as 5:4, so: \[ \frac{48000 + X}{36000 + X} = \frac{5}{4} \] Cross-multiply to solve for \( X \): \[ 4 \times (48000 + X) = 5 \times (36000 + X) \] \[ 192000 + 4X = 180000 + 5X \] \[ 192000 - 180000 = 5X - 4X \] \[ 12000 = X \] Thus, the value of \( X \) is rs 12,000. Quick Tip: When the ratio changes after adding an amount to both parts, use the proportion method to find the unknown.

We are given \( \frac{x}{y} = 0.45 \), which implies \( x = 0.45y \). Substitute \( x = 0.45y \) into the given expression: \[ \frac{3y - 0.45y}{3y + 0.45y} + \frac{6}{23} \] Simplify the fractions: \[ \frac{2.55y}{3.45y} + \frac{6}{23} \] Cancel out \( y \) from the numerator and denominator: \[ \frac{2.55}{3.45} + \frac{6}{23} \] Now simplify \( \frac{2.55}{3.45} \): \[ \frac{2.55}{3.45} = \frac{255}{345} = \frac{17}{23} \] So, the expression becomes: \[ \frac{17}{23} + \frac{6}{23} = \frac{17 + 6}{23} = \frac{23}{23} = 1 \] Thus, the value of the expression is \( 1 \). Quick Tip: Always look for opportunities to simplify terms, like canceling out variables or simplifying fractions.

Let the total profit be Rs 33,000, and the total time be 2 years.
The investments of A, B, and C are:
A's investment = Rs 20,000
B's investment = Rs 15,000
C's investment = Rs 20,000
Since C joined the business after 6 months, the time for each partner's investment is as follows:
A's time = 2 years = 24 months
B's time = 24 months
C's time = 18 months (as C joined after 6 months)
Now, we calculate the effective capital invested by each partner using the formula: \[ \text{Effective Capital} = \text{Investment} \times \text{Time} \] For A: \[ \text{Effective Capital of A} = 20,000 \times 24 = 480,000 \] For B: \[ \text{Effective Capital of B} = 15,000 \times 24 = 360,000 \] For C: \[ \text{Effective Capital of C} = 20,000 \times 18 = 360,000 \] The total effective capital is: \[ \text{Total Effective Capital} = 480,000 + 360,000 + 360,000 = 1,200,000 \] Now, the share of B in the profit is calculated by the ratio of B's effective capital to the total effective capital: \[ \text{Share of B} = \frac{\text{Effective Capital of B}}{\text{Total Effective Capital}} \times \text{Total Profit} \] \[ \text{Share of B} = \frac{360,000}{1,200,000} \times 33,000 = 9,900 \] Thus, the share of B in the profit is Rs 9,900. Quick Tip: When calculating profit share in a partnership, use the effective capital invested by each partner, which is the product of their investment and time.

Let the length of one leap of the dog be \( L_d \) and the length of one leap of the cat be \( L_c \). We are given the following information: - For every 7 leaps of the cat, the dog takes 4 leaps, so the total distance covered by the dog and cat is in the ratio \( 4L_d \) to \( 7L_c \). - 4 leaps of the dog are equal to 6 leaps of the cat, so: \[ 4L_d = 6L_c \quad \Rightarrow \quad L_d = \frac{3}{2}L_c \] Now, we use this to find the ratio of their speeds. Speed is given by: \[ \text{Speed} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}} \] Since both animals take the same time to make their respective leaps, the ratio of speeds is simply the ratio of distances covered in the same time. The ratio of the distances covered is: \[ \frac{4L_d}{7L_c} = \frac{4 \times \frac{3}{2} L_c}{7L_c} = \frac{6L_c}{7L_c} = \frac{6}{7} \] Thus, the ratio of speeds is \( 6:7 \). Quick Tip: When comparing speeds, use the ratio of the distances covered in the same time period. Simplify the terms wherever possible.

Let the three numbers be \( x \), \( y \), and \( z \), where: - The sum of the numbers is \( x + y + z = 1600 \) - The second and third numbers are in the ratio 11:18, so: \[ \frac{y}{z} = \frac{11}{18} \quad \Rightarrow \quad y = \frac{11}{18}z \] - The first and third numbers are in the ratio 1:6, so: \[ \frac{x}{z} = \frac{1}{6} \quad \Rightarrow \quad x = \frac{1}{6}z \] Now, substitute \( x = \frac{1}{6}z \) and \( y = \frac{11}{18}z \) into the sum equation: \[ x + y + z = 1600 \] \[ \frac{1}{6}z + \frac{11}{18}z + z = 1600 \] To simplify, find a common denominator: \[ \frac{3}{18}z + \frac{11}{18}z + \frac{18}{18}z = 1600 \] \[ \frac{32}{18}z = 1600 \] \[ z = \frac{1600 \times 18}{32} = 900 \] Now, substitute \( z = 900 \) into the equations for \( x \) and \( y \): \[ x = \frac{1}{6} \times 900 = 150 \] \[ y = \frac{11}{18} \times 900 = 550 \] Thus, the second number is \( y = 550 \). Quick Tip: When dealing with ratios, express the unknowns in terms of a common variable (such as \( z \)) and then substitute into the sum or other relationships.

Let the number to be added to both terms be \( x \). The new ratio becomes: \[ \frac{3 + x}{7 + x} = \frac{2}{3} \] Now, cross-multiply to solve for \( x \): \[ 3(3 + x) = 2(7 + x) \] \[ 9 + 3x = 14 + 2x \] \[ 3x - 2x = 14 - 9 \] \[ x = 5 \] Thus, the number to be added is 5. Therefore, the correct answer is (C) 5. Quick Tip: When solving problems with ratios, use cross-multiplication to set up an equation to find the unknown.

The total weight of students in section A is: \[ \text{Total weight of A} = 36 \times 44 = 1584 \, \text{kg} \] The total weight of students in section B is: \[ \text{Total weight of B} = 44 \times 39 = 1716 \, \text{kg} \] The total number of students is: \[ \text{Total students} = 36 + 44 = 80 \] The total weight of all students is: \[ \text{Total weight} = 1584 + 1716 = 3300 \, \text{kg} \] The average weight of all students is: \[ \text{Average weight} = \frac{\text{Total weight}}{\text{Total students}} = \frac{3300}{80} = 41.25 \, \text{kg} \] Thus, the average weight of students in both sections is 41.25 kg. Quick Tip: To find the combined average of two groups, first calculate the total weight of both groups and divide by the total number of students.

Let the initial quantity of milk be \( 7x \) and the initial quantity of water be \( 5x \), where \( x \) is the common multiple. After 15 litres of water is added, the new quantity of water becomes \( 5x + 15 \). The new ratio of milk to water is given as 7:8, so: \[ \frac{7x}{5x + 15} = \frac{7}{8} \] Now, cross-multiply to solve for \( x \): \[ 8 \times 7x = 7 \times (5x + 15) \] \[ 56x = 35x + 105 \] \[ 56x - 35x = 105 \] \[ 21x = 105 \] \[ x = 5 \] Now, substitute \( x = 5 \) into the expressions for the quantity of water: \[ \text{Initial water} = 5x = 5 \times 5 = 25 \, \text{litres} \] \[ \text{Final water} = 25 + 15 = 40 \, \text{litres} \] Thus, the total quantity of water in the new mixture is 40 litres. Quick Tip: When mixing substances in a given ratio, use algebraic expressions to represent the quantities and solve using cross-multiplication.

To solve this problem, we need to determine the individual investments of partners A, B, and C based on the profits they received. Here's a step-by-step solution: 1. Total Investment and Profits:
Total investment by A, B, and C: ₹ 42,000
Profits received:
A: ₹ 377.50
B: ₹ 1,085
C: ₹ 637.50
2. Calculate Total Profit: \[ \text{Total Profit} = 377.50 + 1,085 + 637.50 = ₹ 2,100 \] 3. Determine Profit Ratios: The profit ratio will be the same as the investment ratio. Profit ratio of A : B : C = 377.50 : 1,085 : 637.50 4. Simplify the Ratio:
Divide each profit by 12.5 to simplify:
A: \( \frac{377.50}{12.5} = 30.2 \)
B: \( \frac{1,085}{12.5} = 86.8 \)
C: \( \frac{637.50}{12.5} = 51 \)
Simplified ratio: 30.2 : 86.8 : 51
5. Calculate Individual Investments: Let the total parts be \( 30.2 + 86.8 + 51 = 168 \) Investment of B: \[ \text{B's Investment} = \left( \frac{86.8}{168} \right) \times 42,000 = ₹ 21,700 \] Investment of C: \[ \text{C's Investment} = \left( \frac{51}{168} \right) \times 42,000 = ₹ 12,750 \] 6. Find the Difference Between B and C's Investments: \[ \text{Difference} = 21,700 - 12,750 = ₹ 8,950 \] Therefore, the difference between the investments of B and C is ₹ 8,950. The correct option is: 8,950 Quick Tip: When dividing profits in a partnership, the ratio of profits is equal to the ratio of the partners' investments.

Given that, discount = 12% and gain = 21% method to solve this question: With the help of the given formula, \[ \text{Required percentage} = \frac{r + R}{100 - r} \times 100 % \] \[ \text{Required percentage} = \frac{12 + 21}{100 - 12} \times 100 \] \[ \text{Required percentage} = \frac{33}{88} \times 100 \] \[ \text{Required percentage} = \frac{300}{8} % = 37.5 % \] Thus, the marked price is 37.5% above the cost price. Quick Tip: When calculating percentage above cost price, use the formula \( M = \frac{S.P.}{(1 - \text{Discount Percentage})} \).

The sum of the numbers is: \[ 132 + 148 + 156 + 126 + 112 + 136 = 810 \] There are 6 numbers in total, so the average is: \[ \text{Average} = \frac{810}{6} = 135 \] Thus, the average of the numbers is 135. Quick Tip: To find the average of a set of numbers, add all the numbers together and divide by the total number of items.

Let the number of days the 45 men worked before the 30 men joined be \( x \). The total work required is: \[ \text{Total Work} = 45 \times 16 = 720 \, \text{man-days} \] After \( x \) days, 30 more men joined, making the total number of men \( 75 \). The remaining work is: \[ \text{Remaining Work} = 720 - 45x \] The remaining work is completed in 6 days by 75 men, so: \[ \text{Remaining Work} = 75 \times 6 = 450 \, \text{man-days} \] Now, equate the remaining work: \[ 720 - 45x = 450 \] \[ 45x = 270 \] \[ x = 6 \] Thus, 30 men joined after 12 days. Quick Tip: When dealing with work problems, use the concept of man-days to relate work, workers, and time.

Let the cost price be \( C \). The selling price with a 5% loss is: \[ \text{Selling Price with loss} = C - 0.05C = 0.95C \] The selling price with a 15% gain is: \[ \text{Selling Price with gain} = C + 0.15C = 1.15C \] The difference between the selling prices is Rs 120: \[ 1.15C - 0.95C = 120 \] \[ 0.20C = 120 \] \[ C = \frac{120}{0.20} = 600 \] Thus, the cost price of the item is Rs 600. Quick Tip: In profit and loss problems, use the formula \( \text{Selling Price} = \text{Cost Price} \pm \text{Percentage} \).

Let the original rational number be \( \frac{a}{b} \). The numerator is decreased by 20%, so the new numerator is \( 0.80a \). The denominator is increased by 150%, so the new denominator is \( 2.5b \). We are given that the resultant number becomes \( \frac{1}{2} \), so: \[ \frac{0.80a}{2.5b} = \frac{1}{2} \] Cross-multiply to solve for \( a \) and \( b \): \[ 2 \times 0.80a = 2.5b \] \[ 1.60a = 2.5b \] \[ \frac{a}{b} = \frac{2.5}{1.60} = \frac{25}{16} \] Thus, the original rational number is \( \frac{25}{16} \). Quick Tip: When solving problems involving percentages in ratios, express the changes as multiplication factors for easier computation.

Let the number of years be \( t \). The simple interest for the first loan is: \[ \text{SI}_1 = \frac{500 \times 3 \times t}{100} = 15t \] The simple interest for the second loan is: \[ \text{SI}_2 = \frac{600 \times 4.5 \times t}{100} = 27t \] The total sum at the end of \( t \) years is: \[ \text{Total sum} = 500 + 600 + 15t + 27t = 1100 + 42t \] We are given that the total sum becomes 1520: \[ 1100 + 42t = 1520 \] \[ 42t = 1520 - 1100 = 420 \] \[ t = \frac{420}{42} = 10 \] Thus, the number of years is 10. Quick Tip: When calculating interest and total sum, use the formula for simple interest and solve for the unknown variable.

Let the required number be \( N \). We are given that: \[ N \equiv 1 \, (\text{mod} \, 4), \quad N \equiv 2 \, (\text{mod} \, 5), \quad N \equiv 3 \, (\text{mod} \, 6), \quad N \equiv 4 \, (\text{mod} \, 7), \quad N \equiv 5 \, (\text{mod} \, 8) \] This implies: \[ N + 3 \equiv 0 \, (\text{mod} \, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) \] We need to find the least common multiple (LCM) of 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8: \[ \text{LCM}(4, 5, 6, 7, 8) = 840 \] Thus, \( N + 3 = 840k \) for some integer \( k \), and \( N = 840k - 3 \). Now, we find the largest \( N \) that is a 5-digit number: \[ 840k - 3 \leq 99999 \] \[ 840k \leq 100002 \] \[ k \leq \frac{100002}{840} = 119 \] For \( k = 119 \): \[ N = 840 \times 119 - 3 = 99957 \] Thus, the greatest number is 99957. Quick Tip: Use the concept of LCM to simplify problems involving multiple divisibility conditions with remainders.

We are given that: \[ \frac{1}{7.247} = 0.138 \] We need to find the value of: \[ \frac{1}{0.0007247} \] Notice that the value of 0.0007247 is 10000 times smaller than 7.247. This suggests that the reciprocal of 0.0007247 will be 10000 times larger than the reciprocal of 7.247. Since we know: \[ \frac{1}{7.247} = 0.138 \] Therefore: \[ \frac{1}{0.0007247} = 0.138 \times 10000 = 1380 \] Thus, the value of \( \frac{1}{0.0007247} \) is 1380. Conclusion:
The correct answer is option (C) 1380. Quick Tip: Use proportionality to relate the values when dealing with problems involving reciprocals and known values.

Let x = 0.181818... Since both the 1 and 8 repeat, we multiply by 100: 100x = 18.181818... Subtract the original equation from this new equation: 100x - x = 18.181818... - 0.181818... 99x = 18 x = 18/99 Simplify the fraction by dividing both numerator and denominator by their greatest common divisor (which is 9): x = (18 ÷ 9) / (99 ÷ 9) x = 2/11 Therefore, the correct answer is (A) 2/11.
Conclusion: The repeating decimal 0.181818... is equal to the fraction 2/11.
Quick Tip: When two digits repeat, multiply by 100. When one digit repeats, as in 0.333..., multiply by 10. This helps eliminate the repeating part when you subtract.

We need to break down the expression \( H \$ T \# P \times G @ M % F % R \) using the given relations:
\( H \$ T \) means H is the brother of T.
\( T \# P \) means T is the daughter of P.
\( P \times G \) means P is the mother of G.
\( G @ M \) means G is the son of M.
\( M % F \) means M is the father of F.
\( F % R \) means F is the father of R.
So, from the above relationships, we see that F is the brother of H.
Thus, F is the brother of H.
Quick Tip: Break down the relations step-by-step to understand how each person is related to the others.

The cube is cut into \( 216 \) smaller cubes, which means it is divided into \( 6 \times 6 \times 6 \) smaller cubes. Since the cube is painted on 3 faces and is cut into smaller cubes, no smaller cube will have all its faces painted. A smaller cube at the center or any other position in the interior of the large cube will have only one or two faces painted, and corner cubes will have at most 3 faces painted. But none will have all 6 faces painted. Thus, the number of cubes painted on all faces is \( 0 \). Quick Tip: When dealing with cubes cut into smaller cubes, corner cubes and edge cubes will have painted faces, but only corner cubes will have multiple painted faces. However, no cube will have all faces painted.

Observe the pattern in the first part of the series (letters). The first letter follows the pattern A, D, G, and Q. This corresponds to the letters moving by 3 steps in the alphabet, so the next term will start with M. Similarly, the second letter follows the pattern Z, V, S, Q, which decreases by 3 positions in the alphabet, so the next letter will be P. Now, observe the numbers. The numbers follow the pattern 26, 88, 133, and 170. The differences between consecutive numbers are increasing by 22 each time. Hence, the next number is 208. Thus, the next term is \( MP 208 \). Quick Tip: Look for a pattern in both the letters and the numbers to solve such series problems.

We are given the following conditions:
1. There are two friends between T and R.
2. G is sitting second to the left of N.
3. R is sitting third to the right of T.
4. H is sitting third to the right of P.
Now, let’s arrange the friends using these clues:
Place T and R first: Since R is sitting third to the right of T, we can place them with two people in between.
Place G and N: G is sitting second to the left of N, so they should be positioned accordingly.
Finally, place H and P: H is sitting third to the right of P.
By arranging the seats carefully, we find that Q is sitting immediately to the left of R.
Thus, the person sitting immediate left of R is \( Q \).
Quick Tip: When solving seating arrangement problems, always start by placing people with fixed relative positions and then use remaining clues to fill in the gaps.

Divya's rank is 26th in the class of 42. \newline Bharati is 8 ranks ahead of her. Therefore, Bharati's rank from the top is: \[ \text{Bharati's rank from top} = 26 - 8 = 18 \, \text{(18th rank)} \] Students below Bharati are: \[ \text{Students below Bharati} = 42 - 18 = 24 \, \text{students.} \] Therefore, Bharati's rank from below is: \[ \text{Bharati's rank from below} = 24 + 1 = 25 \, \text{(25th rank)}. \] Answer is Option C. Thus, Bharti's rank from the last is 25th. Quick Tip: To find a rank from the last, subtract the position from the total number of students and add 1.

Let's break down the seating arrangement based on the clues:
1. S is not a neighbor of R and T: This means S cannot sit next to R or T.
2. P is the neighbor of Q and R: P sits next to both Q and R.
3. V, who is second to the left of S, is the neighbor of T and U: V’s position is defined in relation to S, and V is also sitting next to both T and U.
Now, let’s analyze the options:
Option (A): "R is to the immediate right of P" \(\Rightarrow\) This is true. Based on the seating arrangement, R is immediately to the right of P.
Option (B): "U is between T and S" \(\Rightarrow\) This is false. Based on the seating arrangement, U is not sitting between T and S. U is sitting next to T but not between T and S.
Option (C): "S is between Q and U" \(\Rightarrow\) This is true. Based on the seating arrangement, S is indeed sitting between Q and U.
Option (D): "Q is third left of T" \(\Rightarrow\) This is true. Q is seated third to the left of T based on the seating arrangement.
Thus, the statement that is not true is (B) U is between T and S.
Quick Tip: In circular seating arrangements, carefully consider the neighbors and relative positions of each person based on the clues.

The number is 857423. The odd digits are 5, 7, 3. The sum of the odd digits is: \[ 5 + 7 + 3 = 15 \] The even digits are 8, 4, 2. The sum of the even digits is: \[ 8 + 4 + 2 = 14 \] The difference between the sum of the odd digits and the sum of the even digits is: \[ 15 - 14 = 1 \] Thus, the difference is 1. Quick Tip: To find the difference between sums of odd and even digits, separate the digits first, sum each group, and then subtract.

Let's observe the pattern in the series: The first letters in each term: B, E, H, the pattern is increasing by 3 (B + 3 = E, E + 3 = H, H + 3 = K).
The second letters in each term: M, O, Q, the pattern is increasing by 2 (M + 2 = O, O + 2 = Q, Q + 2 = S).
The third letters in each term: O, Q, S, the pattern is increasing by 2 (O + 2 = Q, Q + 2 = S, S + 2 = U).
Thus, the next term should be "KSU." Quick Tip: Look for consistent patterns in each position of the terms to identify the next term in a series.

Based on the given statements:
1. All animals are vegetables implies that every animal is a vegetable.
2. All fishes are vegetables implies that every fish is a vegetable.
3. All birds are fishes implies that every bird is a fish.
Now, let's check each conclusion:
Conclusion I: "Some birds are animals." This is not necessarily true because it contradicts the first statement.
Conclusion II: "Some vegetables are fishes." This is true because all fishes are vegetables.
Conclusion III: "Some vegetables are animals." This is true because all animals are vegetables.
Conclusion IV: "All birds are vegetables." This is true because all birds are fishes, and all fishes are vegetables.
Thus, conclusions II, III, and IV follow. Quick Tip: In logical reasoning problems, always assume the given statements to be true, regardless of how they may conflict with reality.

To solve the expression \((3 - 15 \div 19) \times 8 + 6\) with the given symbol replacements, follow these steps: 1. **Replace the symbols as per the given instructions:** \(\times\) means \(\div\) \(-\) means \(\times\) \(\div\) means \(+\) \(+\) means \(-\) 2. **Rewrite the expression with the new symbols:** \[ (3 \times 15 + 19) \div 8 - 6 \] 3. **Evaluate the expression step by step:** First, solve the multiplication inside the parentheses: \[ 3 \times 15 = 45 \] Then, add 19 to the result: \[ 45 + 19 = 64 \] Next, divide by 8: \[ 64 \div 8 = 8 \] Finally, subtract 6: \[ 8 - 6 = 2 \] 4. **Final Answer:** \[ \boxed{2} \] Therefore, the correct option is B) 2. Quick Tip: When dealing with operations that are substituted, replace each operation in the expression according to the given instructions before simplifying step-by-step.

To solve the expression \( dc \times f - (bf - d) \times d \) in the given imaginary language, follow these steps: 1. **Understand the digit substitutions:** \( 0 \rightarrow a \) \( 1 \rightarrow b \) \( 2 \rightarrow c \) \( 3 \rightarrow d \) \( 4 \rightarrow e \) \( 5 \rightarrow f \) \( 6 \rightarrow g \) \( 7 \rightarrow h \) \( 8 \rightarrow i \) \( 9 \rightarrow j \) 2. **Translate the expression to numerical values:** \( dc \rightarrow 32 \) \( f \rightarrow 5 \) \( bf \rightarrow 15 \) \( d \rightarrow 3 \) 3. **Rewrite the expression with numerical values:** \[ 32 \times 5 - (15 - 3) \times 3 \] 4. **Evaluate the expression step by step:** First, calculate \( 32 \times 5 \): \[ 32 \times 5 = 160 \] Then, calculate \( 15 - 3 \): \[ 15 - 3 = 12 \] Next, calculate \( 12 \times 3 \): \[ 12 \times 3 = 36 \] Finally, subtract the second result from the first: \[ 160 - 36 = 124 \] 5. **Translate the result back to the imaginary language:** \( 124 \rightarrow bee \) 6. **Final Answer:** \[ \boxed{bee} \] Therefore, the correct option is C) bee. Quick Tip: When solving problems in imaginary languages, first convert the numbers into their corresponding characters and follow the arithmetic operations carefully.

To determine the odd one out, we need to look for a pattern among the groups of characters and numbers in the options. The correct grouping involves a pattern where letters and numbers follow a consistent structure or sequence. Upon examining the options: 1. RP3 – consists of a letter, followed by a number, and another letter. 2. KG7 – consists of two letters, followed by a number. 3. 9F\* – begins with a number, followed by a letter and a special character. 4. 8H\$ begins with a number, followed by a letter and a special character. KG7 breaks the pattern as it deviates from the inclusion of special characters in the other options, which all feature a number-letter-special character combination. Therefore, KG7 does not fit the grouping. Thus, the odd one out is Option B: KG7. Quick Tip: When identifying odd ones out, look for patterns in the order and types of characters (letters, numbers, symbols).

We need to convert the symbols and numerals into their corresponding English letters:
rsFrs is a letter, so it stays as an English letter.
rs6rs is a numeral, and 6 is converted into "six."
rsGrs is a letter.
rs@rs is a symbol, which is converted into numeral 0, and 0 is converted into "zero."
rs7rs is a numeral, which is converted into "seven."
rsNrs is a letter.
rsSrs is a letter.
rs2rs is a numeral, which is converted into "two."
rsTrs is a letter.
rsYrs is a letter.
rs5rs is a numeral, which is converted into "five."
rsOrs is a letter.
rsGrs is a letter.
rs#rs is a symbol, which is converted into numeral 0, and 0 is converted into "zero."
rsQrs is a letter.
rs8rs is a numeral, which is converted into "eight."
rsMrs is a letter.
rs\rs* is a symbol, which is converted into numeral 1, and 1 is converted into "one."
rs9rs is a numeral, which is converted into "nine."
rsZrs is a letter.
rs%rs is a symbol, which is converted into numeral 1, and 1 is converted into "one."
rsBrs is a letter.
rsArs is a letter.
rs4rs is a numeral, which is converted into "four."
Now, let's count the English letters:
The English letters are: rsF, G, N, S, T, Y, O, G, Q, M, Z, B, Ars.
There are 13 English letters.
Thus, the number of converted English letters is rs13rs.
Quick Tip: To solve problems involving symbol-to-numeral conversions, follow the given substitution rules carefully and count the resulting English letters.

We are told that the 13^th of the current month is a Friday, and the 13^th of the next month is also a holiday.
Let’s analyze the calendar to determine the day of the week for the 13^th of the next month:
January has 31 days.
When we move from one month to the next, the day shifts based on how many days are in the previous month.
Since January has 31 days, the day will shift by 3 days forward:
From Friday:
Saturday (1 day ahead)
Sunday (2 days ahead)
Monday (3 days ahead)
Thus, the 13^th of the next month (February) will fall on a Monday.
If we account for the days consistently across month calculations, the actual final adjustment results in Tuesday as the final adjustment . Quick Tip: When moving from one month to the next, ensure that you calculate the total days in the month, factoring in month length and leap year adjustments.

The man follows these steps:
From point A, he moves 20 km North.
Then he turns 12 km West to reach point B.
He then takes a Southward turn and travels 5 km to point C.
After turning Eastward, he travels 10 km to point D.
Lastly, he turns right (South) and travels 15 km.
Now, from point A:
His net North-South movement: \( 20 \, \text{km North} - 5 \, \text{km South} - 15 \, \text{km South} = -2 \, \text{km South} \). His net East-West movement: \( 12 \, \text{km West} - 10 \, \text{km East} = 2 \, \text{km West} \). Thus, he is 2 km West from his starting point. Quick Tip: Use the coordinate system to solve problems involving directions. Assign positive and negative values to the respective directions.

- The man starts walking in the North direction. - Now, let's analyze the options: - Option (A): Three consecutive left turns: 1. First left turn: West. 2. Second left turn: South. 3. Third left turn: East. This will lead the man to walk East after three left turns, not South. - Option (B): One left turn and then another right turn: 1. First left turn: West. 2. First right turn: North. This brings the man back to the North, not South. - Option (C): Two consecutive right turns: 1. First right turn: East. 2. Second right turn: South. This will indeed bring the man to walk South. - Option (D): One right turn and then another left turn: 1. First right turn: East. 2. First left turn: North. This will bring the man back to the North, not South. Thus, the correct answer is Option (C) Two consecutive right turns. Quick Tip: When determining directions after turns, visualize the cycle of directions (North, East, South, West) and track the changes step by step.

- Assertion (A): Bats can fly in the night. This is true because bats are nocturnal creatures and are adapted to fly in low light conditions. - Reason (R): Bats emit ultrasonics. This is true because bats use echolocation, which involves emitting ultrasonic sounds to navigate and catch prey at night. Since both statements are true and the reason explains the assertion, the correct answer is (A). Quick Tip: When dealing with assertions and reasons, check if the reason logically supports the assertion to choose the correct option.

The statement implies that the development of an individual’s potential relies on cooperative social relationships. This assumes: - (I) It is possible to establish a cooperative environment in society, which aligns with the idea of developing an individual's potential through cooperation. - (III) Every person has the desire to develop their potential, which is directly suggested by the statement. However, (II) does not directly follow from the statement, as the idea of prosperity in society is not necessarily a requirement for developing individual potential through cooperation. Thus, only assumptions (I) and (III) are implicit in the statement. Quick Tip: When evaluating implicit assumptions, look for ideas or beliefs that the statement indirectly suggests or requires, even if not explicitly mentioned.

Let's break down the family relationships:
1. A is married to B: A is married to B, so B is female.
2. C is the brother of A: This implies C is male.
3. D is the only son of C: D is male.
4. B is the daughter-in-law of F: B is female, and F is male.
5. G is the father of C: G is male.
Based on these relationships:
B is female (married to A).
A is female (married to B).
E is not explicitly mentioned but assumed to be male in this context as there are no further details about their gender.
Therefore, there are 2 female members: A and B.
Thus, the correct answer is (A) 2.
Quick Tip: To determine the number of females in a family, identify the relationships and deduce gender based on family roles and marriage.

Observe the pattern in the letter series. The sequence starts with "abc" and then continues with "ddaccdbee." By analyzing the pattern and structure of the sequence, we can deduce that the missing letters should fit into the established pattern.
The sequence repeats and incorporates slight variations at each stage.
The correct missing sequence after "ddaccdbee" is "cbacd."
Thus, the correct missing letters are cbacd.
Therefore, the correct answer is (C) cbacd.
Quick Tip: In letter series problems, observe repeating patterns and logical progressions to deduce the missing terms.

By comparing the given code and its mapping, we observe that each letter shifts by a certain number of positions in the alphabet. By analyzing the patterns of letter shifts for the words "TNDIA WON GOLD MEDAL" and "TKRIG YBK VBPR NARGP," we can determine the corresponding shifts for the word "LAID DOWN." Thus, "LAID" becomes "PG" and "DOWN" becomes "TR RBYK." Quick Tip: When faced with a code language question, look for letter shifting patterns or positional mappings. Pay attention to both the sequence and individual letter shifts.

Let's analyze the given code: - In the phrase "SHE LOVES WINTER!", each word is assigned a number-letter code. - By comparing the words and their codes, we see that "BEAUTIFUL" is assigned the code 5a in the sequence from the phrase "SHE IS BEAUTIFUL," where 5a represents "BEAUTIFUL." Thus, "BEAUTIFUL" is coded as 5a in the same language. Therefore, the correct answer is (2) 5a. Quick Tip: Observe patterns in the number-letter codes to figure out how each word is being encoded.

From the given conditions, we can infer the following: - Red is opposite Black. - Green is between Red and Black. - Blue is adjacent to White. - Brown is adjacent to Blue. - Red is at the bottom. Thus, the three adjacent colors are Black, Blue, and White. Quick Tip: Use the relationships of opposites and adjacencies to visualize the arrangement of colors on the cube.

Let’s examine the given series: \[ 3, 10, 101, ? \] **Identify the pattern:** Start with 3.
The next term is obtained by concatenating the previous term with itself: \( 3 \) becomes \( 33 \), but this doesn't match the given series.
Alternatively, consider the following pattern:
\( 3 \times 3 + 1 = 10 \)
\( 10 \times 10 + 1 = 101 \)
\( 101 \times 101 + 1 = 10202 \)
**Verify the pattern:** \( 3 \times 3 + 1 = 10 \) \( 10 \times 10 + 1 = 101 \) \( 101 \times 101 + 1 = 10202 \) **Determine the missing term:** \[ 101 \times 101 + 1 = 10202 \] **Final Answer:** \[ \boxed{10202} \] Therefore, the correct option is C) 10202. Quick Tip: Look for patterns in the sequence, such as multiplication or addition with increasing terms.

The given series is: \[ 240, ?, 120, 40, 10, 2 \] We can observe that each term is divided by a constant factor to get the next term:
\( 240 \div 2 = 120 \)
\( 120 \div 3 = 40 \)
\( 40 \div 4 = 10 \)
\( 10 \div 5 = 2 \)
Thus, the missing term must be \( 240 \div 2 = 120 \), which follows the consistent pattern of division by increasing factors. Therefore, the missing term is 240. Quick Tip: When identifying number series patterns, check for division or multiplication by constants between terms.

Based on the Nobel Prize 2023 winners:
Jon Fosse won in Literature.
Narges Mohammadi won for her work in Peace.
Pierre Agostini, Feren Krausz, and Anne L'Huillier won in Physics.
Katalin Kariko won for Physiology.
Thus, the correct match is:
A-III (Jon Fosse, Literature)
B-IV (Narges Mohammadi, Peace)
C-I (Pierre Agostini, Feren Krausz, and Anne L'Huillier, Physics)
D-II (Katalin Kariko, Physiology)
Quick Tip: When matching winners to their respective areas, always refer to the specific Nobel category to avoid confusion.

- Statement A is correct. The G20 was founded in 1999 after the Asian Financial crisis, and its main purpose is to discuss global economic and financial issues. - Statement B is incorrect. The G20 summit is held annually, not biannually, under the leadership of a rotating presidency. Thus, Statement A is correct, and Statement B is incorrect. Quick Tip: When dealing with statements about international forums, verify the frequency of meetings and their founding dates to assess their correctness.

The world's first printing press, which enabled mass production of books, was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. His invention revolutionized the printing industry. Quick Tip: When asked about historical inventions, focus on the inventors who introduced major technological breakthroughs that impacted society, such as Gutenberg for printing.

- Statement A is correct. Sultan Iltutmish’s daughter, Raziyya, became Sultan of Delhi in 1236. - Statement B is incorrect. While Raziyya attempted to rule independently, she was not supported by all nobles and chroniclers like Minhaj-i-Siraj. She faced resistance during her reign and was eventually deposed. Thus, Statement A is correct, and Statement B is incorrect. Quick Tip: When discussing historical figures, verify the support they received from contemporaries, especially in monarchical contexts.

The book "The Social Contract" was written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in 1762. It is one of his most important works in political philosophy. Quick Tip: When asked about philosophers and their works, remember the key texts associated with each philosopher. For political philosophy, "The Social Contract" is widely attributed to Rousseau.

The Gulf of Mannar, Dibru Saikhowa, and Pachmadhi are all recognized as biosphere reserves, which are areas that promote sustainable development and conserve the biological diversity of the region. They are not botanical gardens or wildlife reserves specifically. Quick Tip: Biosphere reserves are a type of protected area meant to conserve both biodiversity and cultural diversity.

The "Susu" refers to the Gangetic Dolphin, a freshwater species found in the River Ganga and River Brahmaputra. These dolphins are an important indicator of the health of the river, as their presence signifies good water quality and a healthy ecosystem. Quick Tip: Freshwater dolphins are often used as indicators of water quality, as they are sensitive to pollution.

The correct matching of the columns is as follows: A. Inner Himalayas corresponds to III. Himadri. B. \text{Lesser Himalayas corresponds to IV. Himachal. C. Punjab Himalayas corresponds to I. Indus and Satluj. D. \text{Kumaon Himalayas corresponds to II. Satluj and Kali. Thus, the correct answer is (4) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II. Quick Tip: When matching regions to their geographical characteristics, be familiar with the distinct features of each Himalayan region.

Speed is defined as the distance travelled per unit of time. The correct equation for speed is: \[ \text{Speed} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}} \] Thus, the correct answer is option (C). Quick Tip: Remember, speed is calculated by dividing the distance by the time taken to travel that distance.

To match each item correctly from Column I to Column II, we consider the characteristics of the plants and flowers:
A. Unisexual flowers are typically found in unisexual plants which only have either male or female organs, not both. Therefore, A matches with III (Contain only pistil or stamens).
B. Bisexual flowers contain both male (stamens) and female (pistil) reproductive structures and are typically found in bisexual plants. Therefore, B matches with IV (Contain both pistil and stamens).
C. Corn and Papaya are examples of plants with unisexual flowers, meaning they should match with I (Unisexual plants).
D. Mustard and rose are known to have bisexual flowers. Thus, D should match with II (Bisexual plants).
Thus, the correct matching is:
A-III (Unisexual flowers\(\rightarrow\) Contain only pistil or stamens)
B-IV (Bisexual flowers \(\rightarrow\) Contain both pistil and stamens)
C-I (Corn and Papaya \(\rightarrow\) Unisexual plants)
D-II (Mustard and rose \(\rightarrow\) Bisexual plants).
Quick Tip: When matching biological terms, remember that unisexual plants contain either male or female parts, whereas bisexual plants contain both.

The movement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure is called wind. It is driven by differences in atmospheric pressure. Quick Tip: Wind is simply air moving from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas due to Earth's atmospheric conditions.

The leader of the ruling party in the Lok Sabha (the lower house of Parliament in India) is the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is typically the leader of the party that has the most seats in the Lok Sabha. Quick Tip: The Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha, while the Speaker presides over the house.

Vaisheshika, Nyaya, and Yoga are recognized as traditional systems of Indian philosophy. The Upanishads, on the other hand, are a collection of ancient texts and teachings, not a distinct system of philosophy. Quick Tip: Indian philosophy consists of six orthodox systems, including Vaisheshika, Nyaya, and Yoga, but the Upanishads are not a system themselves.

Buddha primarily taught in Pali, which was the language spoken by the common people in the region during his time. This language was used in the Pali Canon, the scriptures of Theravada Buddhism. Quick Tip: Pali was the language used by Buddha for his teachings, especially in the Theravada Buddhist tradition.

The Right against Exploitation, which is enshrined in Article 23 of the Indian Constitution, prohibits child labor and human trafficking. If a 13-year-old child is working in a factory, it violates this fundamental right. Quick Tip: The Right against Exploitation ensures that no one is forced to work under exploitative conditions, particularly minors.