TISSNET 2024 Mass Communication and Journalism Question Paper (Available) - Download Solution Pdf with Answer Key

The Spiral of Silence theory was postulated by Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann in 1974. This theory suggests that individuals tend to remain silent when they perceive their views to be in opposition to the majority view, fearing isolation or social rejection. As more people silence their opinions, the majority view becomes more dominant, thus creating a "spiral" where silence increases and the minority view is less heard.

The other scholars mentioned:
Marshall McLuhan is known for his theory on the effects of media on human perception, particularly the "Global Village."

Daniel Lerner is known for his work on modernization and the effects of media in the development process.

Melvin DeFleur contributed to media theories but is not associated with the Spiral of Silence.

Thus, the correct answer is (2) Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann.


Conclusion:
The Spiral of Silence theory explains how public opinion is shaped and the role of mass media in suppressing dissenting views.
Quick Tip: The Spiral of Silence highlights the psychological effects of media on public opinion, showing how media dominance leads to the silencing of minority opinions.

Joseph Klapper is best known for his work on the Reinforcement Theory of media effects. His theory posits that media primarily reinforces existing attitudes and opinions, rather than changing them. According to Klapper, the media's impact is minimal in terms of altering public opinion; instead, it strengthens pre-existing beliefs. This theory contrasts with other theories that emphasize the media's role in persuasion or agenda-setting.

The other theories are associated with different scholars:
Social Responsibility Theory is associated with Wilbur Schramm and focuses on the ethical responsibility of media to serve the public good.
Cultivation Theory was developed by George Gerbner, examining the long-term effects of television viewing on perceptions of reality.
Information Flow Theory is associated with Shannon and Weaver and focuses on how information is transmitted through communication channels.

Thus, the correct answer is (3) Reinforcement Theory.


Conclusion:
Klapper's Reinforcement Theory emphasizes that the media strengthens rather than changes people's existing attitudes and beliefs.
Quick Tip: Reinforcement Theory is an important concept in understanding how media influences public opinion, focusing on how media reinforces rather than alters views.

The book "Public Opinion" was written by Walter Lippmann, first published in 1922. Lippmann's work is considered one of the foundational texts in the study of public opinion, exploring how media and other factors shape individuals' understanding of events and influence their views. Lippmann famously argued that public opinion is often formed not by direct experience but by the media, which filters and shapes reality.

The other authors listed:

John D. Barrow is a physicist and author, not related to public opinion.

John Stewart is a comedian and political commentator.

Stephen Colbert is also a comedian and late-night talk show host.

Thus, the correct answer is (1) Walter Lippmann.


Conclusion:
Walter Lippmann's "Public Opinion" remains a seminal work in the study of how the media shapes public perception and democracy.
Quick Tip: Lippmann's book was one of the first to address how media influences public opinion, highlighting the role of the press in shaping perceptions.

Joseph Goebbels was the Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany, playing a crucial role in spreading Nazi ideology, including anti-Semitic propaganda and the glorification of Adolf Hitler. Goebbels used film, radio, and other media to shape public opinion and control the narrative during the Third Reich. His contributions to Nazi propaganda were central to the regime's ability to maintain control over the German population.

The other names listed are not associated with Nazi propaganda:

John Smith, a common name, has no connection to Nazi propaganda.

John McCain was an American politician, not a Nazi propagandist.

Newt Gingrich is an American politician, also unrelated to Nazi propaganda.

Thus, the correct answer is (4) Joseph Goebbels.


Conclusion:
Joseph Goebbels was the primary architect of Nazi propaganda, using media to manipulate public opinion and support the Nazi regime.
Quick Tip: Understanding the role of propaganda in totalitarian regimes can help us recognize the dangers of media manipulation in any society.

Cybernetics is the field of study that deals with systems, control, and communication in animals, machines, and organizations. It originated from engineering, specifically control systems and feedback loops, and has since been applied to various fields, including biology, sociology, and communication. The term was coined by Norbert Wiener in the 1940s. Cybernetics focuses on understanding how systems regulate and communicate information within themselves.

Schema refers to mental structures that organize knowledge and are not related to systems theory.

Semiotics is the study of signs and symbols, not directly related to systems theory.

Priming refers to a psychological phenomenon in which exposure to one stimulus influences the response to another stimulus, not related to systems theory.

Thus, the correct answer is (1) Cybernetics.


Conclusion:
Cybernetics is the study of systems and their communication processes, particularly focusing on feedback mechanisms.
Quick Tip: Cybernetics is a powerful interdisciplinary theory that explains how systems process and respond to information through feedback loops.

Ferdinand Tönnies was a German sociologist who introduced the concepts of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft in his work on social theory. Gemeinschaft refers to a community characterized by close personal relationships, common values, and mutual support, typically found in traditional, rural societies. It contrasts with Gesellschaft, which refers to a society characterized by impersonal relationships and a focus on individual interests, typical of modern, urban societies. Tönnies' work remains foundational in the field of sociology.

Emile Durkheim was a French sociologist, known for his work on social cohesion and functionalism, but not for the Gemeinschaft/Gesellschaft theory.

Leni Riefenstahl was a filmmaker, not a sociologist.

Brian Williams is a journalist, not related to sociology.


Thus, the correct answer is (1) Ferdinand Tönnies.


Conclusion:
Ferdinand Tönnies is best known for introducing the concepts of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, which describe different types of social relationships in societies.
Quick Tip: Tönnies' distinction between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft helps us understand the differences between traditional and modern social structures.

Asha Parekh was awarded the Dadasaheb Phalke Award for the year 2021, which is the highest honor in the Indian film industry. Asha Parekh is a renowned actress who has worked in numerous successful Bollywood films, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s. She is celebrated for her contributions to Indian cinema, especially in the realm of acting, and her iconic roles in films like "Teesri Manzil" and "Do Badan".

Shashi Kapoor and Amitabh Bachchan are legendary actors but were not the recipients of the 2021 award.

Waheeda Rehman is another iconic actress, but the award went to Asha Parekh that year.

Thus, the correct answer is (4) Asha Parekh.


Conclusion:
Asha Parekh's contribution to Indian cinema was recognized with the prestigious Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2021.
Quick Tip: The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is India's highest award in cinema, honoring outstanding contributions to the film industry.

The Central Water Tribunal (CWT) is an important body in India that adjudicates disputes related to water sharing between states. The headquarters of the Central Water Tribunal is located in Kolkata. The tribunal was set up to address inter-state water disputes under the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956. It plays a crucial role in resolving conflicts related to the distribution of water resources.

Thus, the correct answer is (3) Kolkata.


Conclusion:
Kolkata serves as the headquarters of the Central Water Tribunal, which handles disputes over water sharing between Indian states.
Quick Tip: The Central Water Tribunal's role is critical in resolving water-related conflicts, especially in water-scarce regions.

(A) There are not more than 530 MPs from the States. This is correct. The maximum number of members from the states in the Lok Sabha is 530, as per the Constitution.
(B) The Parliament must meet at least twice a year. This is also correct. The Parliament should meet at least twice in a year, as mandated by the Constitution of India.
(C) The normal term of the Lok Sabha is 5 years, not 6 years, and it can be dissolved earlier by the President, not the CII. Therefore, statement C is incorrect.
(D) The normal term of the Lok Sabha cannot be extended by an order from the Supreme Court. It can only be extended under special circumstances, such as during a national emergency, but not by the Supreme Court. Thus, D is incorrect.

Thus, the correct answer is (1) (A) and (B) only.


Conclusion:
The Lok Sabha's composition and rules are governed by the Constitution of India, which ensures its functioning and term limits.
Quick Tip: The Lok Sabha can be dissolved before its 5-year term, but the normal rule is a 5-year term with the possibility of extension during national emergencies.

"Run and Hide" is a novel written by Upmanyu Chatterji. The book, set in modern-day India, deals with themes of identity, societal pressures, and personal struggles. Chatterji's writing reflects deep insights into contemporary life, with a focus on character development and the complex nature of human relationships.

The other authors listed:
Pankaj Mishra is an Indian essayist and novelist, but he did not write this book.
Amitav Ghosh is a renowned author but not the author of "Run and Hide."
Vikram Seth is a famous poet and novelist, but he did not write this book either.

Thus, the correct answer is (1) Upmanyu Chatterji.


Conclusion:
"Run and Hide" is authored by Upmanyu Chatterji, a writer known for his thought-provoking portrayal of Indian society.
Quick Tip: Exploring contemporary issues in literature helps us understand the complexities of modern-day society and human behavior.

The movie "Kisan Kanya" was produced by Ardashir Irani. Released in 1937, it is considered one of the earliest full-length color films in India. The film was directed by M. A. Rauf, and Ardashir Irani, a significant figure in the early days of Indian cinema, played an instrumental role in its production. He is also known for his contributions to the development of color films in the Indian film industry.

Bimal Roy was a renowned filmmaker, but he was not associated with "Kisan Kanya."

Chetan Anand was a prominent filmmaker, but he did not produce "Kisan Kanya."

Prithvi Raj Kapoor was a famous actor and director but not the producer of this movie.

Thus, the correct answer is (1) Ardashir Irani.


Conclusion:
Ardashir Irani is credited with producing "Kisan Kanya," a milestone in Indian cinema.
Quick Tip: Ardashir Irani played a pivotal role in the early development of Indian cinema, particularly with the introduction of color films.

The Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra is a historical structure located in Ajmer, Rajasthan, and was built by Qutubuddin Aibak in the late 12th century. It was originally a Hindu temple, which was later converted into a mosque under his rule. The name "Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra" translates to "The Shelter of Two and a Half Days," referring to the time it supposedly took to complete the structure.

Balban was a ruler in the Delhi Sultanate but was not involved in the construction of this structure.

Ibrahim Lodhi was another ruler of the Delhi Sultanate but had no connection to this building.

Akbar was a Mughal emperor much later in history and was not associated with the creation of this mosque.

Thus, the correct answer is (3) Qutubuddin Aibak.


Conclusion:
Qutubuddin Aibak is credited with building Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra in Ajmer, one of the earliest examples of Indo-Islamic architecture.
Quick Tip: Understanding the history behind monuments like Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra helps us appreciate the influence of rulers on architectural styles during their reign.

The first Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) of India was Sukumar Sen. He held the position from 1950 to 1958 and played a crucial role in organizing the first general elections of India in 1951-1952. Sukumar Sen's leadership helped establish the foundations of India's election system, ensuring that elections were free and fair.

V.P. Menon was a key figure in India's independence but was not the first CEC.

Dr. Nagendra Singh was an Indian judge and diplomat, not the CEC.

S.P. Sinha served as CEC at a later date, but not as the first.

Thus, the correct answer is (1) Sukumar Sen.


Conclusion:
Sukumar Sen was instrumental in laying the groundwork for India's democratic elections and became the first Chief Election Commissioner of the country.
Quick Tip: The first Chief Election Commissioner played an essential role in organizing and overseeing India's elections, shaping its democratic foundation.

Droupadi Murmu is the 14th President of India. She assumed office on July 25, 2022. She made history by becoming the first tribal woman to hold the position of President in India. Her election marked a significant milestone for the country's democratic institutions.

The 12th President of India was Pranab Mukherjee.

The 13th President of India was Ram Nath Kovind.

Thus, the correct answer is (3) 14th.


Conclusion:
Droupadi Murmu is the 14th President of India, breaking barriers as the first tribal woman to hold this office.
Quick Tip: The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, and Droupadi Murmu's election signifies a breakthrough in Indian political history.

The Magsaysay Award for 2022 was awarded to Bernadette Madrid, a Filipino child protection advocate. She was recognized for her outstanding work in promoting child rights and creating a safer environment for children in the Philippines. Bernadette Madrid's work has been transformative, focusing on the protection of children from abuse and neglect.

Ketanji Brown Jackson is the first African American woman to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court, not related to the Magsaysay Award.

Elizabet Borne is a French politician, not a recipient of the Magsaysay Award.

Gita Gopinath is a prominent economist, but she was not the Magsaysay Award recipient for 2022.

Thus, the correct answer is (3) Bernadette Madrid.


Conclusion:
Bernadette Madrid received the Magsaysay Award for her exceptional work in advocating for children's rights and welfare.
Quick Tip: The Magsaysay Award is often referred to as Asia's Nobel Prize, recognizing individuals who have made significant contributions to society.

Mahatma Gandhi authored "Hind Swaraj," also known as "Indian Home Rule," during his voyage from England to South Africa in 1909. This influential book outlines Gandhi's philosophy of Swaraj, or self-rule, and critiques Western civilization. It was published in India and became a key text in the Indian independence movement. Subhas Chandra Bose, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak were also prominent figures in the Indian independence movement but did not write "Hind Swaraj." Thus, the correct answer is (4) Mahatma Gandhi.


Conclusion:
"Hind Swaraj" was written by Mahatma Gandhi and is a significant text in Indian political thought.
Quick Tip: "Hind Swaraj" was originally written in Gujarati and later translated into English.

Verghese Kurien is widely recognized as the "Father of the Indian White Revolution." He played a pivotal role in transforming India's dairy industry, making it the world's largest milk producer. His work with the Amul cooperative movement revolutionized milk production and distribution in India. The other options, while notable individuals, are not associated with the White Revolution. Therefore, the correct answer is (4) Verghese Kurien.


Conclusion:
Verghese Kurien's contributions to the dairy industry earned him the title "Father of the Indian White Revolution."
Quick Tip: The White Revolution aimed to increase milk production and improve the livelihoods of dairy farmers in India.

Han Kang, a South Korean author, won the International Booker Prize for her novel "The Vegetarian." This novel explores themes of vegetarianism, mental illness, and societal expectations. "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo" is a novel by Stieg Larsson. "One Part Woman" is a novel by Perumal Murugan. "Tomb of Sand" is a novel by Geetanjali Shree. Therefore, the correct answer is (1) The Vegetarian.


Conclusion:
"The Vegetarian" by Han Kang received the International Booker Prize.
Quick Tip: The International Booker Prize recognizes the best translated fiction from around the world.

National Highway 1 (NH-1) connects Uri in Jammu and Kashmir to Leh in Ladakh. This strategic highway is crucial for transportation and connectivity in the region. The other highway numbers do not connect these specific locations. Thus, the correct answer is (1) NH-1.


Conclusion:
NH-1 is the highway that links Uri and Leh.
Quick Tip: NH-1 is a vital route for both civilian and military traffic.

The official currency of Poland is the Zloty. The Lira is the currency of some countries, including Turkey. The Leu is the currency of Romania. The Kune was the currency of Croatia before it adopted the Euro. Therefore, the correct answer is (3) Zloty.


Conclusion:
Poland's currency is the Zloty.
Quick Tip: The Polish Zloty has been the country's currency since 1924.

Justice D.Y. Chandrachud is the current Chief Justice of India. He assumed office on November 9, 2022. Justice Y.V. Ramanna is a former Chief Justice of India. Justice Y.V. Chandrachud was also a former Chief Justice of India and is Justice D.Y. Chandrachud's father. Justice Ranjan Gogoi is also a former Chief Justice of India. Therefore, the correct answer is (2) Justice D.Y. Chandrachud.


Conclusion:
Justice D.Y. Chandrachud currently holds the position of Chief Justice of India.
Quick Tip: The Chief Justice of India is the head of the Indian judiciary.

Eugenics is the study of factors related to the improvement of the human race, often through selective breeding. Ethology is the study of animal behavior. Euphenics deals with improving the phenotype (observable characteristics) of individuals, often through environmental changes. Etiology is the study of the causes of diseases. Therefore, the correct answer is (3) Eugenics.


Conclusion:
Eugenics is the study aimed at improving the human race.
Quick Tip: Eugenics is a controversial topic due to its association with discriminatory practices in the past.

Manipur, Meghalaya, and Tripura celebrate their Statehood Day on 21st January. These states were granted full statehood on this day in 1972. The other dates are not associated with the foundation day of these states. Therefore, the correct answer is (1) 21st January.


Conclusion:
21st January is the Foundation Day for Manipur, Meghalaya, and Tripura.
Quick Tip: These states were part of Assam before achieving statehood.

Mathikettan Shola National Park is located in Kerala, India. This park is known for its unique shola forests and diverse flora and fauna. The other options are incorrect as the park is specifically located in Kerala. Therefore, the correct answer is (4) Kerala.


Conclusion:
Mathikettan Shola National Park is situated in Kerala.
Quick Tip: "Shola" refers to tropical montane rainforests found in the Western Ghats.

The logo of Doordarshan, India's public broadcaster, was designed by Devashis Bhattacharya. The logo is a stylized representation of a human eye. The other options are not associated with the design of the Doordarshan logo. Therefore, the correct answer is (3) Devashis Bhattacharya.


Conclusion:
Devashis Bhattacharya created the Doordarshan logo.
Quick Tip: The Doordarshan logo has become an iconic symbol of Indian television.

Zakir Hussain was the first Indian President to die in office. He passed away on May 3, 1969, while still serving as President. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed also died in office, becoming the second Indian president to do so. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam and Giani Zail Singh completed their terms. Therefore, the correct answer is (1) Zakir Hussain.


Conclusion:
Zakir Hussain holds the unfortunate distinction of being the first Indian President to die while in office.
Quick Tip: There have been two Indian Presidents who died in office: Zakir Hussain and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.

London is the first city to have hosted the Summer Olympics three times (1908, 1948, and 2012). While other cities have hosted the Olympics multiple times, London was the first to reach the milestone of three Summer Games. Beijing has hosted the Summer Olympics once and the Winter Olympics once. Los Angeles has hosted the Summer Olympics twice. Tokyo has hosted the Summer Olympics twice and will host the games in 2020 and will also be the first asian city to host the games for the fourth time. Therefore, the correct answer is (4) London.


Conclusion:
London is the first city to host the Summer Olympics thrice.
Quick Tip: Hosting the Olympics is a significant undertaking for any city.

The Burj Khalifa, located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, is currently the tallest building in the world. It stands at a height of over 828 meters (2,717 feet). The Empire State Building, Sears Tower (now Willis Tower), and Petronas Towers are all tall buildings, but they are not as tall as the Burj Khalifa. Therefore, the correct answer is (2) Burj Khalifa.


Conclusion:
The Burj Khalifa is the world's tallest building.
Quick Tip: The Burj Khalifa is a remarkable feat of engineering and architecture.

WAFA is the official news agency of the Palestinian National Authority. It provides news and information related to Palestinian affairs. The other options are incorrect. Israel's news agency is the Government Press Office (GPO). Egypt's news agency is MENA (Middle East News Agency). Iran's news agency is IRNA (Islamic Republic News Agency). Therefore, the correct answer is (3) Palestine.


Conclusion:
WAFA is the news agency of Palestine.
Quick Tip: News agencies play a vital role in disseminating information.

The Imperial Palace, also known as the Tokyo Imperial Palace, is located in Tokyo, Japan. It is the primary residence of the Emperor of Japan. The other cities listed do not house the Imperial Palace. Therefore, the correct answer is (4) Tokyo.


Conclusion:
The Imperial Palace is a prominent landmark in Tokyo.
Quick Tip: The Imperial Palace grounds are open to the public for certain tours.

As of 2023, Ajay Banga is the current President of the World Bank. He took over the position on June 2, 2023, after being nominated by the U.S. government. Prior to his appointment, Banga served as the President and CEO of Mastercard. His appointment marks a significant moment in the leadership of the World Bank, especially as he comes with strong experience in the financial and technology sectors.

Gita Gopinath is an economist and the First Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), not the World Bank.

Arundhati Bhattacharya is a former chairperson of the State Bank of India, not associated with the World Bank.

Kaushik Basu is a prominent economist and former Chief Economist of the World Bank but is not its current President.

Thus, the correct answer is (1) A. S. Banga.


Conclusion:
Ajay Banga is the current President of the World Bank, bringing leadership experience from both financial and technological fields.
Quick Tip: The President of the World Bank plays a key role in driving global economic development and addressing global financial challenges.

As of 2023, the Lieutenant Governor (LG) of Delhi is V.K. Saxena. He assumed office on May 31, 2022, succeeding Anil Baijal. V.K. Saxena is a retired civil servant and has previously held several important administrative positions, including the Secretary of the Government of India.

Satya Pal Malik is a former Governor of Jammu and Kashmir but is not the current LG of Delhi.

Lt. Gen. Zaheeruddin Shah is not associated with the role of Lieutenant Governor of Delhi.

Najeeb Jung was the former LG of Delhi, but he was succeeded by V.K. Saxena in 2022.

Thus, the correct answer is (3) V.K. Saxena.


Conclusion:
V.K. Saxena is the current Lieutenant Governor of Delhi, appointed in 2022, and brings administrative experience to the position.
Quick Tip: The Lieutenant Governor of Delhi plays a crucial role in governance, especially in handling the relationship between the central and state governments.

Lt. Gen. Anil Chauhan is the current Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) of India. He assumed office on September 30, 2022. The CDS is the principal military advisor to the government of India, and Lt. Gen. Chauhan's appointment came after the untimely death of the previous CDS, Gen. Bipin Rawat, in a helicopter crash. Lt. Gen. Chauhan has had a distinguished career in the Indian Army, including experience in the northeastern sector and counter-insurgency operations.

Gen. Vipin Rawat was the first Chief of Defence Staff of India and served until his death in 2021.

Gen. S.F. Rodrigues and Gen. D.S. Suhag are former army chiefs but have never held the position of CDS.

Thus, the correct answer is (2) Lt. Gen. Anil Chauhan.


Conclusion:
Lt. Gen. Anil Chauhan is the current Chief of Defence Staff of India, taking office in 2022 after the tragic demise of his predecessor.
Quick Tip: The Chief of Defence Staff serves as the main advisor to the government on defense matters, helping coordinate the three branches of the military.

Sunita Narain is the Director General of the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), an environmental NGO based in New Delhi. Sunita Narain has been a leading voice in India's environmental movement and has worked extensively on issues such as air pollution, water management, and sustainable development. She has received numerous awards for her work in environmental conservation and advocacy.

Maneka Gandhi is an Indian politician and animal rights activist but not associated with the CSE.

Indra Nooyi is the former CEO of PepsiCo and has no direct link to the CSE.

Medha Patkar is a social activist known for her work on the Narmada Bachao Andolan but is not the Director General of CSE.

Thus, the correct answer is (4) Sunita Narain.


Conclusion:
Sunita Narain has been at the forefront of environmental advocacy in India as the Director General of the Centre for Science and Environment.
Quick Tip: Sunita Narain’s work emphasizes the importance of sustainable development and environmental conservation in India.

The term "Global Village" was coined by Marshall McLuhan, a Canadian philosopher and media theorist, in the 1960s. McLuhan used this term to describe how electronic communication, particularly television, was shrinking the world, making distant events accessible and creating a sense of shared experience across the globe. McLuhan's work on media and communication theory has had a profound impact on our understanding of the global interconnectedness brought about by mass media and technology.

Sigmund Freud was a pioneering psychologist, not associated with the concept of the global village.

Denis McQuail was a media scholar but did not coin this term.

Simon Frith is a sociologist and musicologist, but not associated with McLuhan’s global village concept.

Thus, the correct answer is (3) Marshall McLuhan.


Conclusion:
Marshall McLuhan's idea of the "Global Village" encapsulates the growing interconnectedness of the world facilitated by media technologies.
Quick Tip: The "Global Village" concept highlights how modern communication technologies are breaking down geographic and cultural barriers, creating a more interconnected world.

The term "McDonaldization" was coined by George Ritzer in his 1993 book titled "The McDonaldization of Society". The concept refers to the process by which the principles of the fast food restaurant industry, exemplified by McDonald's, are coming to dominate other sectors of society. These principles include efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control, leading to a society that values convenience and uniformity over individuality.

Maxwell McCombs is known for his work on the agenda-setting theory of mass media but did not coin McDonaldization.

Alan Bryman is an academic who has written about organizational culture but is not associated with McDonaldization.

Donald L. Shaw is a communication scholar known for his work on the agenda-setting theory along with Maxwell McCombs.

Thus, the correct answer is (1) George Ritzer.


Conclusion:
George Ritzer's concept of McDonaldization describes the increasing dominance of efficiency and predictability in modern society.
Quick Tip: McDonaldization illustrates how the principles of fast food restaurants extend beyond food to influence other areas of life, including education and work.

The full form of GIF is Graphics Interchange Format. GIF is a popular image format widely used on the internet for its ability to display short animations and images with transparent backgrounds. The format was introduced in 1987 by CompuServe and has since become one of the most commonly used formats for animated images on the web.

Graffiti Interface Format and Graphical Interface Format are incorrect and not related to the GIF format.

Graphics Interplay Format is also not a recognized format for GIF.

Thus, the correct answer is (3) Graphics Interchange Format.


Conclusion:
The GIF format is widely recognized for its ability to showcase animations and is a standard format used across the internet.
Quick Tip: GIFs are a great way to display short animations and are widely used on social media, websites, and messaging apps.

Noam Chomsky is widely known for his work on media, power structures, and the dangers of globalization. In particular, he has written extensively about the "manufacture of consent", where media serves the interests of powerful elites and corporations, shaping public opinion and controlling narratives. Chomsky is a vocal critic of the role of mass media in promoting the agendas of those in power and how globalization can exacerbate inequalities.

Richard Rorty was a philosopher who worked on pragmatism but did not focus on power structures in media.

Edward Scriber is not a recognized figure in this field.

John Dewey was an educational philosopher known for his work on democracy and education, not directly linked to power structures in media.

Thus, the correct answer is (2) Noam Chomsky.


Conclusion:
Noam Chomsky is a leading thinker on the relationship between media, power, and globalization, providing critical insights into the media's role in shaping society.
Quick Tip: Chomsky's "Manufacturing Consent" remains a critical work in understanding how media serves the interests of powerful elites, rather than the public.

Soap operas are a genre of television programs that typically involve serialized storytelling with melodramatic plots. The concept of soap operas first emerged in the USA in the early 20th century. They got their name from the fact that many of the original sponsors of these programs were soap manufacturers, such as Procter & Gamble, who used the shows to advertise their products. The first soap opera, "These Are My Children", aired in 1949 in the USA.

Germany and France were not the originators of soap operas, although they have their own soap opera traditions.

Australia has its own successful soap operas, such as "Neighbours", but the genre originated in the United States.

Thus, the correct answer is (2) USA.


Conclusion:
Soap operas originated in the United States and have since become a popular genre worldwide, particularly in daytime television.
Quick Tip: Soap operas often reflect societal issues and human emotions, making them a widely popular form of entertainment across the globe.

Stuart Hall is the scholar most famously associated with the Reception Theory. This theory focuses on how audiences interpret and give meaning to media messages. Hall's work emphasized that the meaning of media content is not fixed by the producer but is instead constructed by the audience through various forms of decoding. He identified three key types of audience interpretation: dominant, negotiated, and oppositional readings.

Melvin DeFleur, Wilbur Schramm, and Harold Laswell were influential scholars in media theory, but they are not directly associated with Reception Theory. Their work largely focuses on communication models and media effects.

Thus, the correct answer is (1) Stuart Hall.


Conclusion:
Stuart Hall's Reception Theory revolutionized the understanding of how audiences engage with media, shifting focus from media producers to audience interpretation.
Quick Tip: Reception Theory highlights the active role of the audience in making sense of media messages, emphasizing that interpretations can vary widely.

The correct matches are:
Hum Log: Directed by P. Kumar Vasudev (III) – "Hum Log" was India's first television soap opera.

Shanti: Directed by Adi Pocha (I) – A pioneering TV show that depicted the life of an ordinary woman.

Karamchand: Directed by Pankaj Parashar (IV) – A crime drama with a comic twist.

Tamas: Directed by Govind Nihalani (II) – A film based on the partition of India.


Thus, the correct answer is (3) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II).


Conclusion:
These television serials and their directors are significant in the history of Indian television. Their contributions have shaped the entertainment landscape in India.
Quick Tip: Pay attention to notable television serials and their creators as they are often referenced in media-related questions.

Dolly shot: The movement of a camera from one side (IV) – A dolly shot involves the camera moving on a track or wheels, often from side to side.

Tracking shot: A shot that follows alongside a subject throughout a scene (II) – A tracking shot follows a subject through a scene, keeping it in frame.

Pan: Filmic tracking shot using a moving platform (III) – A pan involves the camera rotating on a horizontal axis, but when used on a moving platform, it tracks a subject.

Pedestal: Movement of a camera up or down relative to a subject (I) – A pedestal shot involves the camera moving vertically, usually up or down.


Thus, the correct answer is (1) (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(I).


Conclusion:
Understanding camera shots is essential in film and media studies. Each shot type serves a specific narrative or visual function in filmmaking.
Quick Tip: Understanding camera movements like Dolly, Tracking, Pan, and Pedestal shots can enhance your appreciation of filmmaking techniques.

This question has been dropped as per the official answer key.


Conclusion:
Dropped questions are not evaluated in the final scoring. Always refer to the latest updates from exam authorities.
Quick Tip: Dropped questions are not included in your score, so focus on the questions that are included in the exam.

The correct sequence based on the year these wars began is:

Vietnam War: It started in 1955 and lasted until 1975.

Persian Gulf War I: It began in 1990 and ended in 1991.

Kargil War: It occurred in 1999 between India and Pakistan.

Russo-Ukraine War: This conflict started in 2022 and is still ongoing.


Thus, the correct answer is (2) (A), (B), (C), (D).


Conclusion:
The events listed above are key conflicts in modern history, each marking a significant geopolitical moment.
Quick Tip: When dealing with chronological events, focus on key dates and global conflicts that have shaped international relations.

The theme for World Polio Day 2023 is "A Healthier Future for Mothers and Children". The theme focuses on the critical importance of eradicating polio to improve health outcomes, particularly for mothers and children, by preventing the spread of this debilitating disease. It emphasizes the global efforts to create a healthier future by ensuring that polio is no longer a threat.

Thus, the correct answer is (1) A Healthier Future for Mothers and Children.


Conclusion:
World Polio Day is observed to raise awareness about the need to eliminate polio globally, and the 2023 theme focuses on the long-term health of mothers and children.
Quick Tip: International days like World Polio Day often have specific themes that reflect current global health priorities.

The emergence of social media platforms occurred in the following chronological order:
1. YouTube was founded in 2005 by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim. It revolutionized video sharing online and became the go-to platform for user-generated content.

2. Facebook was created in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg and his college roommates. Facebook started as a university networking site but quickly expanded into a global social media giant.

3. Instagram was launched in 2010 by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, and it became immensely popular as a photo and video-sharing platform.

4. Snapchat was introduced in 2011 by Evan Spiegel, Bobby Murphy, and Reggie Brown as a messaging app where photos and videos disappear after being viewed.

Thus, the correct sequence is (A), (B), (C), (D).


Conclusion:
The correct chronological order of social media platforms' emergence is YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat.
Quick Tip: Understanding the development of social media platforms can help identify trends in technology and communication.

The technological innovations in the order of their emergence are as follows:
1. Color TV was first introduced in 1954 in the United States. It marked the transition from black-and-white television to color broadcasting.
2. The Internet emerged in 1960s-1970s as ARPANET and evolved over time into the global network we know today. It gained significant popularity in the 1990s.
3. Satellite Television began in 1962 with the launch of Telstar 1, which allowed for live television broadcasts across large distances, including international transmissions.
4. Artificial Intelligence as a formal field of study was established in 1956, but its practical applications began gaining prominence in the 21st century with advancements in machine learning and deep learning technologies.

Thus, the correct sequence is (B), (D), (C), (A).


Conclusion:
The chronological order of these technological innovations is Color TV, Internet, Satellite Television, and Artificial Intelligence.
Quick Tip: Technological advancements have revolutionized human communication, with each innovation paving the way for the next.

In the communication model, the sequence of events follows a logical flow:
1. Source (C) – The source is the originator of the message, which could be an individual or a group.

2. Message (B) – The message is the information or content that the source wants to convey.

3. Channel (D) – The channel refers to the medium or method through which the message is transmitted, such as speech, writing, or digital media.

4. Receiver (A) – The receiver is the person or entity that receives and interprets the message.

Thus, the correct order is (C), (B), (D), (A).


Conclusion:
The correct sequence in a communication model is Source, Message, Channel, Receiver. Understanding this flow helps in analyzing how messages are transmitted and interpreted.
Quick Tip: Effective communication relies on understanding the sequence of events from source to receiver, ensuring clarity and accuracy in message delivery.

The correct chronological sequence of the films is as follows:

1. Zanjeer (1973) – Directed by Prakash Mehra, this film was a breakthrough for Amitabh Bachchan and marked the beginning of his "Angry Young Man" image in Bollywood.

2. Deewar (1975) – Directed by Yash Chopra, another classic film that solidified Amitabh Bachchan's status in the industry.

3. Mugaddar Ka Sikander (1971) – A film that became a significant hit, starring Amitabh Bachchan and Vinod Khanna, though it was earlier than the other two, it had a notable impact.

4. Black (2005) – Directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali, this film starred Amitabh Bachchan and Rani Mukerji, focusing on a girl with a disability, and it came much later than the other three.

Thus, the correct answer is (2) (B), (A), (C), (D).


Conclusion:
The films Zanjeer, Deewar, Mugaddar Ka Sikander, and Black emerged in the sequence described, with Zanjeer coming first and Black being the most recent.
Quick Tip: Understanding the evolution of Bollywood films helps appreciate the changing themes and the rise of Bollywood icons.

The entertainment channels in India were launched in the following sequence:

1. Star TV (1991) – Star TV was the first major satellite television channel to be launched in India, marking a significant milestone in the development of private television.

2. Zee TV (1992) – Launched by Subhash Chandra, Zee TV was the first Hindi-language satellite television channel and became one of the most popular channels in India.

3. Sony TV (1995) – Sony Entertainment Television launched its Indian branch, adding to the list of major entertainment channels and introducing popular shows across genres.

4. Colors TV (2008) – Launched much later, Colors TV became a significant player in Indian television with its successful shows.

Thus, the correct sequence is (D), (B), (A), (C).


Conclusion:
The launch of Star TV, Zee TV, Sony TV, and Colors TV marked the growth of India's television industry, with each channel contributing to the shaping of modern Indian entertainment.
Quick Tip: The launch of these channels revolutionized the television industry, introducing a variety of content to cater to India's diverse audience.

The correct chronological sequence for the launching of these major newspapers is as follows:

1. The Hindu (1878) – Founded in Chennai, this is one of India's oldest newspapers and has maintained a reputation for integrity and accuracy.

2. The Times of India (1838) – Founded in Bombay, this is one of the oldest English-language newspapers in India. It has evolved into a significant media conglomerate.

3. The Indian Express (1932) – Established by Ramnath Goenka, it has played a major role in investigative journalism in India.

4. The Hindustan Times (1924) – A leading newspaper founded in Delhi, it is one of the most influential in the country.

Thus, the correct sequence is (B), (A), (C), (D).


Conclusion:
The Hindu, The Times of India, The Indian Express, and The Hindustan Times form the backbone of Indian print media, each with a rich history and significant influence.
Quick Tip: Understanding the history of these newspapers helps us appreciate their contribution to shaping India's media landscape.

(A) Color TV was introduced in India in 1982, not 1984, and Doordarshan began broadcasting color television during the Asian Games in Delhi. Therefore, statement A is incorrect.

(B) Operation Blue Star was a military operation carried out in 1984 to remove Sikh militants from the Golden Temple in Amritsar. This statement is correct.

(C) The Bhuj Earthquake occurred in 2001, in Gujarat, and was one of the most devastating natural disasters in India. This statement is correct.

(D) Buniyaad was indeed the first soap opera broadcast on Doordarshan in 1986, and it became extremely popular. This statement is also correct.

Thus, the correct answer is (4) (B), (C) and (D) only.


Conclusion:
Operation Blue Star, the Bhuj Earthquake, and Buniyaad were significant events in India’s history, while the introduction of Color TV took place earlier in 1982.
Quick Tip: Recognizing key events and milestones in Indian history helps us understand their impact on the socio-political landscape.

The qualities of a news reporter include:
(A) A news reporter must often respond quickly to breaking news, reaching the destination of the story in real-time to report firsthand.

(B) A reporter must have a deep understanding of their beat, meaning the area or subject they cover, in order to report accurately and knowledgeably.

(C) Building strong relationships with sources is critical for a reporter, as these contacts provide valuable and timely information.

(D) A reporter should have a "nose for news," meaning they must have the intuition to identify newsworthy stories and pursue them actively.

Thus, the correct answer is (3) (A), (B), (C) and (D).


Conclusion:
A good news reporter combines quick action, thorough knowledge, excellent networking, and the instinct to find compelling stories.
Quick Tip: News reporters must be well-rounded individuals, combining skills in investigation, communication, and relationship-building to deliver accurate and timely news.

(A) Freedom of speech and expression is indeed enshrined in Article 19 (1) (a) of the Indian Constitution, which guarantees the right to free speech and expression to all citizens of India.

(B) The Right to Constitutional Remedies is actually defined in Article 32, not Article 42. Article 32 allows individuals to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of their fundamental rights.

(C) Freedom of Religion is a fundamental right guaranteed under Article 25 of the Indian Constitution, not Article 19. This ensures that all citizens have the right to practice and propagate any religion of their choice.

(D) Defamation is defined under Section 499 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), not Section 399. It involves making false statements about someone that damage their reputation.

Thus, the correct answer is (3) (A) and (C) only.


Conclusion:
While Freedom of Speech and Expression and Freedom of Religion are fundamental rights in the Indian Constitution, the Right to Constitutional Remedies and Defamation laws are found in different sections of the Constitution and IPC.
Quick Tip: Understanding the articles of the Indian Constitution is essential for grasping the scope of fundamental rights and the legal system in India.

(A) Wilbur Schramm is a renowned communication theorist, but he is not associated with the Simulacrum theory. The Simulacrum theory is associated with Jean Baudrillard, who explored the concepts of reality, symbols, and hyperreality in postmodernism.

(B) Jurgen Habermas is indeed associated with the concept of the ‘Public Sphere,’ which refers to a space where citizens can come together to discuss and influence political action, ideally free from governmental control.

(C) The McBride Commission was set up by UNESCO in 1977, not 1978. The commission focused on promoting a more balanced flow of information in the media and advocating for the improvement of media practices globally.

(D) Jan Dijk is a scholar known for his work on the effects of new media technologies on cultures and societies, especially how the internet and digital media influence social structures and communication patterns.

Thus, the correct answer is (1) (B) and (D) only.


Conclusion:
Jurgen Habermas’ work on the Public Sphere and Jan Dijk’s exploration of the impact of new media technologies are central to understanding the socio-political effects of communication, while Schramm and the McBride Commission focus on different aspects of media and communication.
Quick Tip: Theories of media and communication help explain how communication shapes societies, cultures, and political structures.

(A) Haptics refers to the study of touch and tactile communication. It focuses on how touch is used in communication and the effect of physical contact in interactions.

(B) Kinesics is the study of body movements and gestures, such as facial expressions, posture, and other forms of body language that communicate information.

(C) Proxemics refers to the study of personal space and the physical distance that people maintain from each other in different social contexts.

(D) Chronemics refers to the study of time and its role in communication, not eye movement. The study of eye movement is known as oculistics.

Thus, the correct answer is (4) (A), (B) and (C) only.


Conclusion:
Haptics, kinesics, and proxemics are all important fields of study in non-verbal communication, while chronemics refers to the concept of time rather than eye movement.
Quick Tip: Understanding non-verbal communication theories, like kinesics and proxemics, can help enhance our social and interpersonal interactions.

(A) Rupert Murdoch is indeed known for owning media outlets worldwide. He is the founder of News Corporation and later 21st Century Fox, which owns a significant number of media outlets globally.

(B) The Pulitzer Prize is not awarded for films. It is awarded for excellence in journalism, literature, and musical composition. It does not specifically recognize films.

(C) The Magsaysay Award is awarded for outstanding public service and social contributions in Asia, but it is not restricted to documentaries.

(D) The Ramnath Goenka Award is indeed given for excellence in journalism in India, and it recognizes the achievements of journalists across various media outlets.

Thus, the correct answer is (1) (A) and (D) only.


Conclusion:
Rupert Murdoch's media empire and the Ramnath Goenka Award for journalism are significant in the media world, while the Pulitzer and Magsaysay Awards cover different fields.
Quick Tip: The Ramnath Goenka Award is one of India's most prestigious journalism awards, honoring excellence in news reporting and investigative work.

(A) Raj Kapoor was indeed the director of the film Prem Rog (1982). This film starred Raj Kapoor and was one of his most famous works.

(B) Mother India (1957) was directed by Mehboob Khan, not Bimal Roy. It is one of the most iconic films in Indian cinema.

(C) Kamal Amrohi directed the classic film Pakeezah (1972), which became a landmark in Indian cinema due to its storytelling and music.

(D) Mughal-E-Azam (1960) was directed by K. Asif, not K. A. Abbas. This film is considered one of the greatest in Indian cinema history.

Thus, the correct answer is (3) (A), (B) and (C) only.


Conclusion:
Raj Kapoor, Bimal Roy, and Kamal Amrohi all made major contributions to Indian cinema, but Mother India was directed by Mehboob Khan, and Mughal-E-Azam by K. Asif.
Quick Tip: Knowing the directors behind iconic films like Mother India and Pakeeza helps appreciate the diverse styles and visions that shaped Bollywood cinema.

(A) Associated Press (AP) is a well-known news agency based in the United States, providing news reports to newspapers and media outlets worldwide.

(B) Reuters is actually a British news agency, not German. It provides international financial, business, and general news.

(C) UPI (United Press International) is a news agency from the United States, not India. Press Information Bureau (PIB) is the official government news agency in India.

(D) TASS is a Russian news agency, not Turkish. It is the largest news agency in Russia and serves as the official information agency.

Thus, the correct answer is (1) (A) only.


Conclusion:
The Associated Press (AP) is a major American news agency, while Reuters is British, UPI is from the U.S., and TASS is Russian, not Turkish.
Quick Tip: Understanding the role of global news agencies helps in tracking reliable news sources and understanding their influence in the media industry.

The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 while he was working at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). His invention revolutionized the internet by providing a means to access and share information via hyperlinks and web browsers. The World Wide Web became the foundation of modern internet usage, making it easier to navigate and communicate globally.
- Bernstein Basil, Ruth Benedict, and Walter Benjamin are prominent figures in other fields but are not related to the invention of the web.

Thus, the correct answer is (2) Tim Berners Lee.


Conclusion:
Tim Berners-Lee's invention of the World Wide Web has had a profound impact on how we access and share information across the globe.
Quick Tip: The invention of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee changed the course of the internet, paving the way for the modern digital age.

Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward are famous journalists associated with the Watergate Scandal in the early 1970s. They were investigative reporters for The Washington Post, and their groundbreaking reporting led to the uncovering of the scandal, which ultimately led to the resignation of U.S. President Richard Nixon in 1974. Their work is considered one of the most significant journalistic investigations in modern history.

Panama Papers, Pegasus, and Coalgate are associated with other events and investigative efforts but not directly with Bernstein and Woodward.

Thus, the correct answer is (1) Watergate Scandal.


Conclusion:
The Watergate scandal remains one of the most influential stories in American journalism, largely due to Bernstein and Woodward’s efforts.
Quick Tip: Understanding investigative journalism helps appreciate the role of media in holding the powerful accountable.

1. First Asian Games (1951)
The First Asian Games were held in 1951 in New Delhi, India. This was the inaugural edition of the Asian Games, which is the largest multi-sport event in Asia. The games were created to foster a spirit of unity and cooperation among Asian countries through sports. India played a significant role in organizing the event, which was held from March 4 to 11, 1951, and saw participation from 11 countries, including India, Japan, China, and the Philippines. This marked a milestone in the sports history of Asia and was an important step in strengthening ties between nations in the region.


2. Bangladesh Liberation War (1971)
The Bangladesh Liberation War, which took place in 1971, was a pivotal event in the history of South Asia. It was a struggle for independence by the people of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) against West Pakistan (now Pakistan). The war began after political tensions escalated due to the refusal of the Pakistani government to recognize the electoral victory of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his party, the Awami League, in 1970. The Pakistani military crackdown on East Pakistan led to widespread atrocities and a refugee crisis. The war lasted from March 26, 1971, to December 16, 1971, and ended with the independence of Bangladesh. It resulted in immense loss of life and had far-reaching consequences for the political and social fabric of the region.

3. First General Election in India (1952)
The First General Election in India, held in 1952, was a landmark moment in the history of independent India. After gaining independence from British rule in 1947, India held its first nationwide general election to elect members of the Lok Sabha (the lower house of Parliament). The election, which took place from October 25 to February 21, 1952, was conducted through a secret ballot system and involved over 173 million eligible voters. Despite challenges such as limited literacy and vast geographical diversity, the election was a success and set the foundation for India's democratic processes. The Indian National Congress (INC), led by Jawaharlal Nehru, emerged as the dominant party, and Nehru was re-elected as Prime Minister of India.


4. First Nuclear Test by India (1974)
On May 18, 1974, India conducted its first successful nuclear test under the code name "Smiling Buddha" at the Pokhran Test Range in Rajasthan. This marked India’s entry into the group of countries with nuclear capabilities. The test was a demonstration of India's growing technological and scientific capabilities. It was conducted under the leadership of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and was followed by a strategic defense initiative that aimed to enhance India's national security. The international reaction to the test was mixed, with some countries expressing concern, while others praised India's decision to develop a peaceful nuclear program. The test marked a significant milestone in India’s defense and energy policies.


These events each played a major role in shaping the political, social, and economic landscape of the countries involved, especially India and Bangladesh, in the 20th century.




Conclusion:
The events from India’s history, such as the Asian Games, General Elections, Nuclear Tests, and the Liberation War, had significant impacts on India’s socio-political landscape.
Quick Tip: Understanding the timeline of major historical events helps contextualize their significance in the modern world.

(A) Do Bigha Zameen (1953) was directed by Bimal Roy, a renowned filmmaker known for making films that highlighted the plight of the poor and downtrodden.

(B) Devdas (1955), one of the most iconic films of Indian cinema, was directed by Bimal Roy. It was based on the novel by Saratchandra Chattopadhyay, depicting the tragic love story of a man and his childhood sweetheart.

(C) Neecha Nagar (1946), a film about social issues and class inequality, was directed by Chetan Anand, a prominent figure in Indian cinema known for his realism and socially relevant themes.

(D) Pyaasa (1957) was directed by Guru Dutt, known for his beautiful and melancholic portrayals of human emotion. The film focuses on the struggles of an aspiring poet in a society that fails to appreciate his work.

Thus, the correct answer is (2) (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV).


Conclusion:
These films are regarded as masterpieces in the Indian film industry, directed by some of Bollywood’s most renowned filmmakers. Films like Pyaasa and Do Bigha Zameen remain significant for their socio-political impact.
Quick Tip: Classic Bollywood films such as Pyaasa and Do Bigha Zameen offer valuable insights into the socio-political climate of their times.

(A) Birth of a Nation (1915) is a landmark American film, directed by D. W. Griffith. It is known for its controversial portrayal of the Reconstruction era but also for its groundbreaking film techniques.

(B) Jaws (1975) is a famous thriller directed by Steven Spielberg. It is regarded as one of the first blockbusters in cinema history and revolutionized filmmaking and audience engagement.

(C) The Godfather (1972) was directed by Francis Ford Coppola. It is one of the most iconic films in American cinema, exploring themes of family, power, and crime.

(D) Raging Bull (1980) was directed by Martin Scorsese, and it is considered one of the greatest films of all time, portraying the life of boxer Jake LaMotta.

Thus, the correct answer is (4) (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III).


Conclusion:
These films and directors are seminal in the history of cinema, each contributing to different genres and filmmaking techniques that shaped the modern film industry. Jaws and The Godfather set new standards for storytelling and filmmaking, while Raging Bull and Birth of a Nation have left lasting legacies in cinematic history.
Quick Tip: Understanding the work of directors like D. W. Griffith, Steven Spielberg, and Francis Ford Coppola helps us appreciate their impact on cinematic storytelling and film techniques.

Gora is a novel written by Rabindranath Tagore. It deals with the themes of identity, nationalism, and individual conflict.

A Train to Pakistan was written by Khushwant Singh, not Rabindranath Tagore. It is a historical novel based on the partition of India in 1947.

Post Office is a play written by Rabindranath Tagore. It is a symbolic drama representing the innocence and purity of a child’s heart.

Gitanjali (Song Offerings) is a collection of poems written by Rabindranath Tagore, which earned him the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913.

Thus, the correct answer is (2) A Train to Pakistan.


Conclusion:
While Rabindranath Tagore is known for works like Gora, Post Office, and Gitanjali, A Train to Pakistan is a notable work by Khushwant Singh focusing on the tragic events surrounding the partition of India.
Quick Tip: Rabindranath Tagore’s literary genius spanned poetry, prose, and drama, making him one of the most influential figures in Indian and world literature.

Alvin Toffler is a well-known futurist, and his book The Third Wave (1980) explores the social and technological changes.
Bapsi Sidhwa is a renowned Pakistani author, and The Ice Candy Man (1988) is one of her most famous works, addressing the partition of India.
Pearl S. Buck is the author of The Good Earth (1931), a novel set in China and depicting the lives of peasants.
V.S. Naipaul, an acclaimed author, is known for works like An Area of Darkness (1964), which explores post-colonial India and his experiences there.

Thus, the correct answer is (3) (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III).


Conclusion:
These books reflect the unique contributions of their respective authors to world literature, each addressing profound themes such as societal change, colonial history, and personal struggles.
Quick Tip: Famous authors like Pearl S. Buck, Alvin Toffler, and V.S. Naipaul have greatly influenced literature and social theory with their insightful works.

Jimmy Connors is one of the most famous Lawn Tennis players.

Clive Lloyd is a legendary Cricket player from the West Indies.

P.V. Sindhu is a renowned Badminton player from India, having won medals in the Olympics.

Rani Rampal is an Indian Hockey player who has represented India in numerous international tournaments.

Thus, the correct answer is (3) (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III).


Conclusion:
These sportspersons have made significant contributions to their respective sports, excelling on national and international stages.
Quick Tip: A great sports person not only excels in their game but also serves as an inspiration for future generations in their respective sports.

Jaiprakash Narain, also known as JP, led the famous Total Revolution in 1974 against corruption and autocratic rule in India. This mass movement called for social, political, and economic reforms, advocating for a cleaner and more accountable government.

V.D. Savarkar was a freedom fighter but not known for any mass movements against corruption.

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was the 5th President of India and was not associated with any major anti-corruption movements.

Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India and is not known for leading any specific mass movement against corruption and autocracy during his tenure.

Thus, the correct answer is (1) Jaiprakash Narain.


Conclusion:
Jaiprakash Narain remains a symbol of the struggle for democratic rights and anti-corruption movements in India.
Quick Tip: The Total Revolution led by Jaiprakash Narain focused on addressing corruption and improving governance in India.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak is known for his belief in the idea that freedom is central to spiritual life. His famous motto "Swaraj is my birthright" reflects his belief in freedom not only in the political sphere but also in the personal and spiritual domain.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was a champion of social justice and equality, but his focus was more on social reform than on spirituality.

Gopal Krishna Gokhale was an influential social reformer but not known for advocating spirituality through freedom.

Jawaharlal Nehru advocated for freedom, but his focus was more on political freedom and nation-building rather than spirituality.

Thus, the correct answer is (3) Bal Gangadhar Tilak.


Conclusion:
Tilak’s vision of freedom as central to spirituality has been an enduring influence in the political and social movements of India.
Quick Tip: Bal Gangadhar Tilak’s advocacy for freedom was not just for political independence but also for personal and spiritual growth.

STEM refers to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics and is a curriculum-based education approach that aims to prepare students for careers in these critical fields.

Option (1) includes Management, which is not part of STEM.

Option (2) includes Trade, which is not part of the recognized STEM fields.

Option (4) includes Space, which is a specific field but not part of the general definition of STEM.

Thus, the correct answer is (3) Science, Technology, Engineering, and Medicine.


Conclusion:
STEM education plays a crucial role in preparing students for innovation and future technological challenges in the rapidly evolving world.
Quick Tip: STEM education prepares students for careers in high-demand fields that drive global innovation and technological advancements.

The current Vice-President of India is Shri Jagdeep Dhankhar. He took office on August 11, 2022. Jagdeep Dhankhar succeeded M. Venkaiah Naidu, whose term ended in 2022. The Vice-President of India is also the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, and the position plays a critical role in the functioning of the Indian parliamentary system.


Thus, the correct answer is (2) Shri Jagdeep Dhankhar.


Conclusion:
Shri Jagdeep Dhankhar is the current Vice-President, having assumed the office in 2022.
Quick Tip: The Vice-President of India is elected by an electoral college consisting of the members of both houses of Parliament.

The film 'RRR' won the prestigious Film of the Year Award at the Dadasaheb Phalke International Film Festival Award 2023. Directed by S. S. Rajamouli, the film became a major hit both in India and internationally. It was widely praised for its action sequences, music, and performances, especially by actors N. T. Rama Rao Jr. and Ram Charan. The film made history by winning several accolades, including the Golden Globe and an Academy Award nomination for the song "Naatu Naatu."


Thus, the correct answer is (2) RRR.


Conclusion:
'RRR' earned widespread recognition and accolades, including the Film of the Year award at the Dadasaheb Phalke International Film Festival 2023.
Quick Tip: Films like 'RRR' have contributed significantly to Indian cinema's global recognition, showcasing the power of storytelling and performances.

Narges Mohammadi, an Iranian human rights activist, won the Nobel Peace Prize for 2023. She was recognized for her tireless efforts in advocating for women's rights and her resistance against the oppressive regime in Iran. Narges has been a strong voice in advocating for freedom, equality, and justice in Iran, often at great personal risk, and she has been jailed multiple times for her activism.


Thus, the correct answer is (1) Narges Mohammadi.


Conclusion:
Narges Mohammadi's award highlights the ongoing struggle for women's rights and human freedoms, especially in oppressive regimes.
Quick Tip: The Nobel Peace Prize honors individuals who have made significant contributions to peace and human rights, often facing great personal challenges.

Let’s match the countries with their respective presidents:

Germany (A): The current president of Germany is Frank-Walter Steinmeier (III).

Palestine (B): The current president of Palestine is Mahmoud Abbas (IV).

China (C): The current president of China is Xi Jinping (I).

Brazil (D): The current president of Brazil is Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (II).


Thus, the correct answer is (4) (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II).


Conclusion:
Matching the current presidents with their respective countries reveals the political leaders in power across the world.
Quick Tip: It’s important to stay updated on global political leaders, as their decisions influence international relations and policies.

Bengal (A): The traditional folk theatre of Bengal is Jatra (IV).
Gujarat (B): The folk theatre of Gujarat is Bhavai (III).
Karnataka (C): The folk theatre of Karnataka is Yakshagana (I).
Tamil Nadu (D): The traditional theatre of Tamil Nadu is Terukkuttu (II).


Thus, the correct answer is (1) (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV).


Conclusion:
Each state in India has its unique folk theatre tradition, contributing to the rich cultural heritage of the country.
Quick Tip: Indian folk theatres are an important aspect of cultural preservation, showcasing local stories, music, and dance forms.