UP CNET 2026 Post Basic B.Sc. Nursing Question Paper: Download Answer Key with Solutions PDF

Concept:
Risk factors for hypertension are classified into:
Modifiable Risk Factors
Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

Step 1: Identify the modifiable risk factors.
Modifiable risk factors include:
Obesity
Excess salt intake
Alcohol consumption
Smoking
Physical inactivity
Stress

Step 2: Identify the non-modifiable risk factors.
Non-modifiable risk factors include:
Age
Gender
Family history
Genetic factors

Step 3: Select the factor that cannot be modified.
Among the given options, Age cannot be changed and is therefore a non-modifiable risk factor.
Therefore,
\[ \boxed{Age} \]
\[ \boxed{Answer = (A)} \]

Quick Tip: Remember: Age, gender and family history are non-modifiable risk factors, while obesity, smoking, alcohol and salt intake are modifiable risk factors.

Concept:
Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a method of caring for newborns through continuous skin-to-skin contact between the mother and the baby.

Step 1: Understand the purpose of KMC.
KMC is recommended for:
Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies
Preterm babies
Stable newborns requiring warmth and care

Step 2: Identify the benefits of KMC.
Benefits include:
Maintenance of body temperature
Promotion of breastfeeding
Better weight gain
Reduced risk of infection
Improved mother-child bonding
Step 3: Choose the correct option.

Since KMC is primarily designed for low birth weight and preterm babies,
\[ \boxed{Low\ Birth\ Weight\ Baby} \]
\[ \boxed{Answer = (B)} \]

Quick Tip: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) = Skin-to-skin contact + Exclusive breastfeeding + Special care for low birth weight and preterm babies.

Concept:
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), also known as nosocomial infections, are infections that patients acquire while receiving treatment in a healthcare facility and were not present at the time of admission.

Step 1: Understand the common mode of transmission.
The hands of healthcare workers are the most common vehicle for transmission of microorganisms from one patient to another.
Contaminated hands can spread:
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Drug-resistant organisms

Step 2: Evaluate the given options.
Antibiotics: Used for treatment, not the primary preventive measure.
Hand Hygiene: Most effective and universally recommended method.
Isolation only: Useful for specific infections but not sufficient alone.
PPE only: Important, but less effective if proper hand hygiene is not practiced.

Step 3: Apply infection control guidelines.
According to WHO and infection prevention protocols, proper hand washing or hand sanitization before and after patient contact is the single most effective method to reduce hospital-acquired infections.
Therefore,
\[ \boxed{Hand\ Hygiene} \]
\[ \boxed{Answer = (B)} \]

Quick Tip: "Clean Hands Save Lives" is the cornerstone of infection prevention. Hand hygiene is more effective than isolation or PPE alone in preventing hospital-acquired infections.

Concept:
Pulse Pressure is the difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.
\[ Pulse\ Pressure\ =\ Systolic\ BP\ -\ Diastolic\ BP \]
where,
\[ Systolic\ BP = 120\ mmHg \]
\[ Diastolic\ BP = 80\ mmHg \]

Step 1: Write the formula for pulse pressure.
\[ PP = SBP - DBP \]

Step 2: Substitute the given values.
\[ PP = 120 - 80 \]
\[ PP = 40\ mmHg \]

Step 3: Identify the correct option.
The calculated pulse pressure is
\[ 40\ mmHg \]
Therefore,
\[ \boxed{40\ mmHg} \]
\[ \boxed{Answer = (B)} \]

Quick Tip: Remember: \[ Pulse\ Pressure\ =\ Systolic\ BP\ -\ Diastolic\ BP \] For a normal BP of \(120/80\) mmHg, pulse pressure is typically \(40\) mmHg.

Concept:
The patient is showing classic signs and symptoms of an ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), which is a medical emergency caused by acute blockage of a coronary artery.
Common features include:
Severe chest pain
Pain radiating to the left arm, neck or jaw
Sweating (diaphoresis)
Nausea and vomiting
ST-segment elevation on ECG

Step 1: Identify the emergency condition.
The presence of chest pain with ST elevation indicates acute myocardial infarction.
The heart muscle is not receiving adequate oxygen due to reduced blood flow.

Step 2: Apply the ABC principle (Airway, Breathing, Circulation).
In any emergency situation, nursing priorities follow:
\[ A \rightarrow B \rightarrow C \]
\[ Airway \rightarrow Breathing \rightarrow Circulation \]
The immediate priority is to improve oxygen delivery to the ischemic myocardium.

Step 3: Evaluate the options.
Start IV fluids – Useful in some situations but not the first priority.
Administer oxygen – Improves oxygen supply to the heart and is the priority action.
Give morphine – Helps relieve pain but comes after ensuring oxygenation.
Check blood sugar – Important assessment but not the immediate priority.

Step 4: Select the priority nursing intervention.
Since myocardial tissue is at risk of damage due to lack of oxygen,
\[ \boxed{Administer Oxygen} \] is the priority nursing action.
Therefore,
\[ \boxed{Answer = (B)} \]

Quick Tip: For acute myocardial infarction questions, remember the emergency management approach: \[ ABC \rightarrow Oxygen \rightarrow ECG Monitoring \rightarrow Definitive Treatment \] In priority-based nursing questions, always choose the option that addresses airway, breathing, or circulation first.

Concept:
Savlon is a commonly used antiseptic and disinfectant solution containing:
Chlorhexidine Gluconate
Cetrimide
It is used in hospitals and healthcare settings for disinfection of equipment and prevention of infection.

Step 1: Understand thermometer disinfection.
Clinical thermometers come in direct contact with patients and may carry microorganisms.
Therefore, proper disinfection is necessary after each use to prevent cross-infection.

Step 2: Recall the recommended dilution.
For disinfection of thermometers, the standard nursing practice recommends Savlon solution in the strength of:
\[ 1:40 \]
This means:
\[ 1\ part\ Savlon\ +\ 40\ parts\ water \]

Step 3: Select the correct option.
Among the given options,
\[ \boxed{1:40} \] is the recommended dilution for thermometer disinfection.
Therefore,
\[ \boxed{Answer = (C)} \]

Quick Tip: Frequently asked Nursing Foundation question: \[ Savlon\ for\ Thermometer\ =\ 1:40 \] Remember: "Thermometer \(\rightarrow\) Savlon 1:40"

Concept:
Temperature can be expressed in different scales, the most common being:
Celsius Scale (\(^\circ C\))
Fahrenheit Scale (\(^\circ F\))
The relationship between Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures is:
\[ \frac{C}{5} = \frac{F-32}{9} \]
From this relation, the conversion formula from Fahrenheit to Celsius is obtained.

Step 1: Start with the standard conversion formula.
\[ \frac{C}{5} = \frac{F-32}{9} \]

Step 2: Multiply both sides by 5.
\[ C = (F-32)\times\frac{5}{9} \]

Step 3: Verify with a known temperature.
For example,
\[ F=212^\circ F \]
\[ C=(212-32)\times\frac{5}{9} \]
\[ C=180\times\frac{5}{9} \]
\[ C=100^\circ C \]
which is the boiling point of water.

Step 4: Choose the correct option.
Therefore, the Fahrenheit-to-Celsius conversion formula is
\[ \boxed{C=(F-32)\times\frac{5}{9}} \]
Hence,
\[ \boxed{Answer = (A)} \]

Quick Tip: Remember: \[ ^\circ C=(^\circ F-32)\times\frac{5}{9} \] and \[ ^\circ F=\left(^\circ C\times\frac{9}{5}\right)+32 \] A common trick: "Subtract 32, then multiply by \(5/9\)" for Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion.

Concept:
Defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological strategies used by individuals to reduce anxiety and protect themselves from emotional conflict.

Step 1: Understand Projection.
Projection is a defense mechanism in which a person attributes his own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, failures, or shortcomings to another person.
Instead of accepting responsibility, the individual blames others.
Example:
A student who performs poorly in an examination may blame the teacher rather than accepting inadequate preparation.

Step 2: Differentiate from other defense mechanisms.
Repression: Unconscious blocking of painful thoughts or memories.
Projection: Attributing one's own faults or feelings to others.
Denial: Refusing to accept reality.
Sublimation: Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.

Step 3: Identify the correct option.
Since the individual is blaming others for his failures and difficulties,
\[ \boxed{Projection} \]
Therefore,
\[ \boxed{Answer = (B)} \]

Quick Tip: Projection = "My fault becomes your fault." When a person attributes his own shortcomings or unacceptable feelings to someone else, it is called Projection.

Concept:
Neonatal resuscitation is performed when a newborn fails to establish effective breathing after birth.
Unlike adults, neonatal cardiac arrest is usually caused by respiratory failure. Therefore, ventilation is extremely important during neonatal CPR.

Step 1: Recall the recommended compression-ventilation ratio.
According to Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) guidelines,
\[ Chest Compression : Ventilation = 3:1 \]
This means:
\[ 3 compressions + 1 ventilation \]

Step 2: Understand the reason for the ratio.
Newborns usually develop cardiac problems secondary to inadequate oxygenation.
Hence greater emphasis is placed on ventilation than in adult CPR.

Step 3: Calculate the events per minute.
The 3:1 ratio provides approximately:
\[ 90 compressions/minute \] and \[ 30 breaths/minute \] for a total of \[ 120 events/minute \]
Step 4: Choose the correct option.
Therefore,
\[ \boxed{3:1} \] is the recommended compression-to-ventilation ratio for neonatal resuscitation.
Hence,
\[ \boxed{Answer = (A)} \]

Quick Tip: Remember the CPR ratios: Neonate = \(3:1\) Child/Adult (single rescuer) = \(30:2\) Child/Adult (two rescuers) = \(15:2\) Neonatal CPR focuses more on ventilation because most neonatal arrests are respiratory in origin.

Concept:
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is a numerical measure of an individual's intellectual ability in relation to others of the same age group.
The concept was introduced by William Stern and later popularized through intelligence testing.

Step 1: Recall the formula for IQ.
The Intelligence Quotient is calculated as:
\[ IQ = \frac{Mental Age}{Chronological Age} \times 100 \]
where:
Mental Age (MA) = Level of intellectual performance
Chronological Age (CA) = Actual age of the individual

Step 2: Understand the interpretation.
If:
\[ MA = CA \]
then
\[ IQ=\frac{CA}{CA}\times100 \]
\[ IQ=100 \] which indicates average intelligence.
Example:
If a child is:
\[ 10 years old \]
but performs intellectually like a
\[ 12 year old \]
then
\[ IQ = \frac{12}{10} \times100 \]
\[ IQ=120 \]

Step 3: Evaluate the options.
Option A gives the correct formula.
Option B is unrelated to IQ calculation.
Option C is the reverse of the correct formula.
Option D is incorrect because Option A is correct.
Therefore,
\[ \boxed{ IQ= \frac{Mental Age} {Chronological Age} \times100 } \]
Hence,
\[ \boxed{Answer = (A)} \]

Quick Tip: Remember: \[ IQ=\frac{MA}{CA}\times100 \] A simple memory trick: "Mental age comes first in IQ." If Mental Age = Chronological Age, then IQ = 100 (average intelligence).

Concept:
Health education in rural communities should use methods that are simple, interesting, culturally acceptable, and understandable even for people with low literacy levels.
Visual and audiovisual aids help communicate health messages effectively.

Step 1: Evaluate the given options.
Model: Useful for demonstrations but may not actively involve the audience.
Role Play: An interactive teaching method that uses real-life situations and encourages participation.
Chalk Board: Useful mainly in classroom settings.
Pamphlet: Requires reading ability and may not be effective in populations with low literacy.

Step 2: Understand why role play is preferred.
Role play:
Attracts community attention
Encourages participation
Demonstrates real-life health situations
Overcomes literacy barriers
Improves retention of information

Step 3: Choose the most appropriate aid.
For rural communities, role play is considered one of the most effective educational methods.
Therefore,
\[ \boxed{Role Play} \]
\[ \boxed{Answer = (B)} \]

Quick Tip: For community health education, methods involving active participation such as role play, drama and folk media are highly effective, especially in rural populations.

Concept:
Job Description is a formal written statement that explains the duties, responsibilities, authority, reporting relationships and working conditions of a particular job.
It helps employees understand what is expected from them.

Step 1: Understand Job Description.
A Job Description generally contains:
Job title
Duties and responsibilities
Reporting authority
Working conditions
Scope of work

Step 2: Differentiate from related terms.
Job Description: Written statement of duties and responsibilities.
Job Evaluation: Determines the relative worth of a job.
Job Analysis: Process of collecting information about a job.
Self Appraisal: Employee's self-assessment of performance.

Step 3: Identify the correct option.
Since the question specifically refers to a written statement outlining duties and responsibilities,
\[ \boxed{Job Description} \]
Therefore,
\[ \boxed{Answer = (A)} \]

Quick Tip: Remember: Job Analysis = Collect information Job Description = Written duties and responsibilities Job Evaluation = Determine job worth Job Specification = Qualifications required for the job

Concept:
VED Analysis is an inventory control technique used in hospitals and healthcare organizations to classify items according to their criticality in patient care.
VED stands for:
\[ V = Vital \]
\[ E = Essential \]
\[ D = Desirable \]

Step 1: Understand the VED categories.
Vital (V): Items whose non-availability can seriously affect patient care and hospital functioning.
Essential (E): Items necessary for efficient functioning but whose temporary shortage can be tolerated.
Desirable (D): Items whose absence does not significantly affect patient care.

Step 2: Identify the correct expansion.
Among the given options,
\[ VED = Vital,\ Essential,\ Desirable \]

Step 3: Select the correct option.
Therefore,
\[ \boxed{Vital, Essential, Desirable} \]
\[ \boxed{Answer = (C)} \]

Quick Tip: Inventory Control Methods: ABC = Based on annual consumption value VED = Based on criticality of items HML = Based on unit cost Remember: \[ VED = Vital + Essential + Desirable \]

Concept:
Sampling is the process of selecting a subset of individuals from a population to represent the entire population in a study.
A good sampling technique ensures that the sample accurately reflects the characteristics of the population.

Step 1: Understand Random Sampling.
In Random Sampling:
Every unit in the population has an equal chance of being selected.
Selection is free from personal bias.
Probability of selection is known.
Examples:
Lottery method
Random number table
Computer-generated random selection

Step 2: Differentiate from other methods.
Accidental Sampling: Participants are selected based on convenience.
Judgemental Sampling: Researcher selects participants according to personal judgment.
Quota Sampling: Participants are selected to fill predetermined categories.
Step 3: Identify the method that provides equal opportunity.
Since every member of the population gets an equal chance of selection,
\[ \boxed{Random Sampling} \]
Therefore,
\[ \boxed{Answer = (A)} \]

Quick Tip: Key feature of Random Sampling: \[ Equal Chance of Selection for Every Unit \] Whenever a question mentions "equal chance", "unbiased selection", or "probability sampling", think of Random Sampling.

Concept:
Nursing research is a systematic scientific process used to generate new knowledge and improve nursing practice, education, administration, and patient care.
Research forms the foundation of Evidence-Based Nursing Practice (EBP).

Step 1: Understand the primary purpose of nursing research.
The main aim of nursing research is to:
Generate new knowledge
Validate existing knowledge
Improve patient care
Develop evidence-based practices
Strengthen the nursing profession

Step 2: Analyze the given options:
Build a body of nursing knowledge: Primary purpose of nursing research.
Promote confidence in nursing practice: An indirect benefit of research.
Build infrastructure for nursing education: Not the primary objective of research.
Help in smooth functioning of nursing unit: A management-related outcome rather than the main purpose of research.

Step 3: Identify the most appropriate answer.
The most important contribution of research is the development and expansion of nursing knowledge.
This knowledge becomes the basis for clinical decision-making and professional practice.
Therefore,
\[ \boxed{Build\ a\ Body\ of\ Nursing\ Knowledge} \]
\[ \boxed{Answer = (A)} \]

Quick Tip: The foundation of professional nursing is research. \[ Research \rightarrow Knowledge \rightarrow Evidence-Based Practice \] Whenever asked about the primary importance of nursing research, think: "Building and expanding nursing knowledge."