BSEAP Board Class 10 Social Studies Question Paper 2024 with Answer Key

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Sahaj Anand

Content Writer | Journalism Graduate | Updated 3+ months ago

 BSEAP 2024 Social Studies Question Paper is available here with Solutions PDF.

The BSEAP Class 10 Social Studies exam consists of a theory paper worth 100 marks, designed to assess students' understanding of historical events, geographical concepts, political structures, and economic principles.

The question paper includes a mix of multiple-choice questions (1 mark each), short-answer questions (2 and 4 marks each), and long-answer questions (6 and 8 marks each), collectively evaluating students' knowledge, analytical thinking, and ability to interpret historical and contemporary issues.

BSEAP 2024 Social Studies Question Paper 2024 with Solutions

BSEAP 2024 Social Studies Question Paper with Solutions  download iconDownload Check Solutions

Question 1:

Which one of the following activities does not relate to the primary sector?

  • (1) Agriculture
  • (2) Fishing
  • (3) Mining
  • (4) Banking
Correct Answer: (4) Banking
View Solution

The primary sector refers to activities that directly extract or harvest natural resources. These include:

Agriculture - Growing crops and raising animals.
Fishing - Catching fish from oceans, lakes, and rivers.
Mining - Extracting minerals and other raw materials from the Earth.


On the other hand, Banking belongs to the tertiary sector, which focuses on services rather than extraction of resources.

Thus, the activity that does not relate to the primary sector is Banking. Quick Tip: The primary sector involves industries that extract natural resources, while the tertiary sector involves services like banking, education, and healthcare.


Question 2:

Expand UNDP

Correct Answer:
View Solution

The abbreviation UNDP stands for United Nations Development Programme.
UNDP is an international organization working towards reducing poverty, improving sustainable development, and promoting long-term economic growth. Quick Tip: When encountering abbreviations like UNDP, it's important to know that they often represent global organizations with specific roles in development and international cooperation.


Question 3:

Into how many categories, in view of factors of production, is the capital divided? What are they?

Correct Answer:
View Solution

Capital, in the context of factors of production, is generally divided into two main categories:
(A) Physical Capital: This includes tangible assets used in the production process, such as machinery, tools, buildings, and equipment.

(B) Human Capital: This refers to the knowledge, skills, and abilities of individuals that contribute to the production process.

Thus, capital is typically divided into two categories: Physical Capital and Human Capital.
Quick Tip: Capital is classified based on its role in production: Physical Capital refers to tangible assets like machinery, while Human Capital refers to the skills and knowledge of workers.


Question 4:

Find the mis-match pair:

  • (1) Konkan Coast - Goa
  • (2) Malabar Coast - Kerala
  • (3) Canara Coast - Karnataka
  • (4) Coromandel Coast - Tamil Nadu
Correct Answer: (4) Coromandel Coast - Tamil Nadu
View Solution

The given pairs represent coastal regions and their corresponding states. Let’s analyze each option:
(A) Konkan Coast - Goa: This is correct. The Konkan Coast stretches across Maharashtra, Goa, and Gujarat, and Goa is a part of this coast.
(B) Malabar Coast - Kerala: This is correct. The Malabar Coast lies along the western coast of India and is a part of Kerala.
(C) Canara Coast - Karnataka: This is correct. The Canara Coast, also known as the Karnataka Coast, is located in the state of Karnataka.
(D) Coromandel Coast - Tamil Nadu: This is incorrect. The Coromandel Coast actually stretches along the eastern coast of India, primarily along Tamil Nadu, but it also extends into Andhra Pradesh. The mismatch occurs because the Coromandel Coast should be associated with both Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.


Thus, the correct answer is option (4) Coromandel Coast - Tamil Nadu, as it is a mis-match based on the broader geographical region.

Quick Tip: Be mindful that certain coasts, like the Coromandel Coast, stretch across multiple states, and are not limited to just one.


Question 5:

Find out the missed item:

  • (1) Godavari - Bay of Bengal
  • (2) Narmada - ?
Correct Answer: (2) Narmada - Arabian Sea
View Solution

This question relates to rivers and the bodies of water they flow into. Let's analyze each pair:
(A) Godavari - Bay of Bengal: This is correct. The Godavari River flows into the Bay of Bengal.
(B) Narmada - ? The Narmada River flows into the Arabian Sea, not the Bay of Bengal. Therefore, the correct answer is the Arabian Sea.

Thus, the correct answer is Narmada - Arabian Sea.

Quick Tip: Remember that rivers can flow into different seas or bays depending on their geographical location. The Godavari flows into the Bay of Bengal, while the Narmada flows into the Arabian Sea.


Question 6:

Name the Parliament of Japan.

Correct Answer:
View Solution

The Parliament of Japan is called the National Diet. It consists of two houses:
(A) The House of Representatives (lower house)
(B) The House of Councillors (upper house)
Thus, the Parliament of Japan is called the National Diet.

Quick Tip: The National Diet is Japan’s bicameral legislature, meaning it has two houses: the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors.


Question 7:

Which U.S. President announced the New Deal Policy?

Correct Answer:
View Solution

The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, and financial reforms introduced by the U.S. government to help recover from the Great Depression. This policy was announced by Franklin D. Roosevelt, who became the 32nd President of the United States and implemented these reforms during his presidency in the 1930s.

Thus, the correct answer is Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Quick Tip: The New Deal was an important policy in U.S. history that aimed to provide relief, recovery, and reform during the Great Depression, and it was launched by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.


Question 8:

Observe the first pair and complete the second one:

Vietnam : French :: Nigeria : ?

Correct Answer: (1) English
View Solution

The first pair, Vietnam : French, refers to the colonial language of Vietnam, which was French during the French colonial period.
For Nigeria, the colonial language was English, as it was colonized by the British.

Thus, the correct answer is English.

Quick Tip: Colonial powers often left their language as the official language in the countries they colonized. For example, English is spoken in Nigeria because it was a British colony.


Question 9:

Who played a key role in the annexation of the Princely States in India?

Correct Answer:
View Solution

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India, played a crucial role in the integration of the Princely States into the newly independent nation of India. He is often referred to as the "Iron Man of India" for his efforts in convincing the rulers of the Princely States to accede to India after independence in 1947.

Thus, the correct answer is Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Quick Tip: Sardar Patel's diplomatic skills and determination were essential in integrating over 500 Princely States into the Indian Union after independence.


Question 10:

In which country the G-20 Summit was held in 2023?

Correct Answer:
View Solution

The G-20 Summit in 2023 was held in India. The summit took place in New Delhi, the capital of India, on September 9–10, 2023. India held the presidency of the G-20 for the year 2023.

Thus, the correct answer is India.

Quick Tip: The G-20 Summit rotates annually among member countries. In 2023, India hosted the summit and played a key role in shaping the global economic agenda.


Question 11:

Observe the table and answer the given question:
Contribution of Organised and Unorganised Sectors

In which sector do the large number of people work?

Correct Answer:
View Solution

From the table, we can see that in terms of employment, the unorganised sector employs 92% of the total workforce. This is a significantly larger portion compared to the organised sector, which employs only 8% of the workforce.

Thus, the large number of people are working in the Unorganised Sector.

Quick Tip: Despite the unorganised sector employing a large proportion of the workforce, the organised sector contributes a higher percentage to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).


Question 12:

Arrange the following countries from West to East:

India, Japan, England, USA

Correct Answer:
View Solution



To arrange the countries from West to East, we need to consider their geographical positions relative to the prime meridian. The prime meridian runs through England (United Kingdom), so England is the furthest west among the options. Japan is located further east, followed by India, and then the USA is to the west of India.

Thus, the correct order from West to East is: \[ England, USA, India, Japan \]


Quick Tip: The prime meridian runs through England, so it serves as the reference for determining the relative positions of countries from West to East.


SECTION - II

Question 13:

What is the difference between population growth and population change?

Correct Answer:
View Solution

Population growth refers to the increase in the number of individuals in a population over a specific period, primarily measured by the birth rate minus the death rate. It is the result of the natural increase in the population, often expressed as a percentage growth rate.

Population change, on the other hand, includes not only natural growth but also changes due to migration (immigration and emigration). It represents the overall change in the population size, considering both births and deaths as well as movement of people in and out of an area.

Thus, the key difference is that population growth is influenced by birth and death rates, while population change also includes migration.


Quick Tip: Population growth is a measure of natural increase, while population change is a broader concept that includes migration.


Question 14:

Why do people migrate to urban areas?

Correct Answer:
View Solution

People migrate to urban areas for a variety of reasons, including:
(A) Employment Opportunities: Urban areas typically offer a greater variety of jobs, higher wages, and better career prospects.
(B) Better Infrastructure and Services: Urban areas provide access to better healthcare, education, transportation, and sanitation.
(C) Improved Living Standards: People often move to cities in search of a higher quality of life, with better housing, entertainment, and social amenities.
(D) Social and Cultural Factors: Cities attract people for social and cultural reasons, including access to more diverse communities, cultural activities, and a wider range of social interactions.


Thus, people migrate to urban areas primarily for better economic opportunities, improved living conditions, and access to essential services.


Quick Tip: Urban migration is driven by the pursuit of better job prospects, improved infrastructure, and higher living standards.


Question 15:

What is meant by sustainable development?

Correct Answer:
View Solution

Sustainable development refers to the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It involves balancing economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection to ensure long-term sustainability. The concept encourages using resources efficiently, reducing environmental harm, and promoting social equity, ensuring that development benefits all people without depleting natural resources.

Thus, sustainable development aims to achieve a balance between development and environmental conservation.


Quick Tip: Sustainable development focuses on long-term growth that doesn't exploit resources at the expense of future generations.


Question 16:

On which pole of the Moon, the Chandrayaan-III was landed? Which organization launched it?

Correct Answer:
View Solution

Chandrayaan-III, a mission launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), successfully landed on the South Pole of the Moon. The landing took place on August 23, 2023. This mission aimed to explore the lunar surface, specifically focusing on the unexplored areas near the Moon's South Pole.

Thus, Chandrayaan-III landed on the South Pole of the Moon and was launched by ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation).


Quick Tip: Chandrayaan-III's landing at the Moon's South Pole marked a significant achievement for ISRO, as it opened up new possibilities for lunar exploration.


Question 17:

Write two slogans on World Peace.

  • (A) "Peace begins with a smile, let's make the world peaceful."
Correct Answer:
View Solution

Here are two slogans on World Peace:
(A) "Peace begins with a smile, let's make the world peaceful."
(B) "United for peace, divided for war. Let’s choose peace."

Quick Tip: Slogans on world peace often aim to inspire unity, cooperation, and the avoidance of conflict on a global scale.


Question 18:

‘Coalition Governments lead to policy paralysis’ – Comment on it.

Correct Answer:
View Solution

The statement "Coalition Governments lead to policy paralysis" is based on the argument that coalition governments, which consist of multiple parties with differing ideologies, often face difficulties in reaching consensus on key policies. These disagreements can slow down decision-making and lead to a lack of clear, effective governance.

However, coalition governments can also bring in diverse perspectives and broader representation, leading to more inclusive policies. While policy paralysis can occur in coalition governments, it is not inevitable. Successful coalitions manage differences through negotiation, compromise, and the need for coordination. The challenges faced by coalition governments are often reflective of a complex political environment rather than inherent flaws in the system.

Thus, while policy paralysis is a concern in coalition governments, it can be mitigated by effective leadership and collaboration.


Quick Tip: Coalition governments require negotiation and compromise between parties, and while they can face challenges, they can also foster inclusive decision-making if managed well.


Question 19:

Plot the information given below on a bar graph:

Correct Answer:
View Solution




Quick Tip: The Indian Constitution has undergone several amendments since its adoption, with varying numbers of amendments each decade. The 1971-80 and 1981-90 periods saw a higher frequency of changes.

Question 20:

Observe the given map and answer the questions.







A) Name the triangular-shaped landform located in the South of India.

Correct Answer:
View Solution

The triangular-shaped landform located in the South of India is the Deccan Plateau. It is a large plateau that covers much of the southern part of India and is bordered by the Western and Eastern Ghats.

 


Question 20(b):

Name any one west-flowing river.

Correct Answer:
View Solution

One of the west-flowing rivers of India is the Narmada River. It originates from the Amarkantak Plateau and flows westward, emptying into the Arabian Sea. Quick Tip: The Deccan Plateau is a major geographical feature of southern India, and several important rivers like the Narmada, Tapi, and Mahi flow westward, unlike most Indian rivers that flow toward the east.


SECTION - III

Question 21:

Write about the Meira Paibi Movement.

Correct Answer:
View Solution

The Meira Paibi Movement, also known as the "torch-bearing women movement," originated in the northeastern state of Manipur in India. It is a grassroots women’s movement aimed at protesting against social injustice, particularly the oppressive rule of the Indian government and the presence of the armed forces in the region.

The movement started in the 1970s and was led by women who would carry torches at night to symbolically represent their fight for justice and equality. The movement also protested against issues such as corruption, the impact of AFSPA (Armed Forces Special Powers Act), and human rights abuses.

The Meira Paibi Movement continues to be a powerful expression of resistance and empowerment of women in Manipur.


Quick Tip: The Meira Paibi Movement highlights the power of grassroots activism, especially by women, in challenging state oppression and fighting for justice.


Question 22:

Write a short note on the basic principles of the Constitution.

Correct Answer:
View Solution



The basic principles of the Indian Constitution are:

1. Sovereignty: The Constitution asserts that India is a sovereign country, meaning it is independent and free from external control.
2. Socialism: The Constitution aims to establish a socialist republic by promoting equality and social justice for all citizens.
3. Secularism: India has no official state religion, and all religions are treated equally under the law.
4. Democracy: India follows a democratic system of government, where the people elect their representatives through regular elections.
5. Republic: The head of the state, the President, is elected, not a hereditary monarch, ensuring that political power remains with the people.
6. Rule of Law: The Constitution emphasizes the importance of the rule of law, where everyone is treated equally before the law.
7. Justice: The Constitution guarantees social, economic, and political justice to all citizens.

These principles form the foundation for a democratic and inclusive India, ensuring that every citizen's rights and freedoms are upheld.


Quick Tip: The basic principles of the Indian Constitution guide the functioning of the state and protect the rights of its citizens, ensuring a just and democratic society.


Question 23:

Suggest some measures to lessen global warming.

Correct Answer:
View Solution

To reduce global warming, the following measures can be taken:

1. Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Limiting the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) by reducing the use of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) and promoting the use of renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.

2. Energy Efficiency: Improving energy efficiency in industries, buildings, and transportation systems can reduce the demand for energy and lower carbon emissions.

3. Afforestation and Reforestation: Planting more trees and protecting existing forests help absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and reduce the greenhouse effect.

4. Promote Sustainable Agriculture: Sustainable farming practices like reducing pesticide use, improving irrigation methods, and using organic fertilizers can help maintain healthy ecosystems and reduce carbon footprints.

5. Encourage Use of Public Transportation: Reducing private vehicle usage and promoting public transportation, cycling, and walking can help reduce vehicular emissions.

6. Adopting Clean Technologies: Investing in clean technologies and promoting electric vehicles and energy-efficient appliances can significantly cut down emissions.


Quick Tip: One of the most effective ways to lessen global warming is by transitioning to clean, renewable sources of energy and reducing our reliance on fossil fuels.


Question 24:

How is PDS related to food security?

Correct Answer:
View Solution

The Public Distribution System (PDS) plays a significant role in ensuring food security in India. PDS is a government-sponsored scheme that provides subsidized food grains (like rice, wheat, and sugar) to the economically vulnerable sections of society, including Below Poverty Line (BPL) families.

Through PDS, the government aims to:
- Ensure that food is available at affordable prices to the poor.
- Stabilize food prices in the open market.
- Prevent hunger and malnutrition, especially in economically weaker sections of society.

PDS is directly linked to food security as it makes sure that even those with limited resources can access basic food items, which are crucial for survival and development. By providing essential food grains at subsidized rates, PDS helps in combating food insecurity and malnutrition.


Quick Tip: PDS is a vital tool for ensuring food security in India, providing food at subsidized prices to the poor and vulnerable sections of society.


Question 25:

How did the partition of the country affect the lives of ordinary people?

Correct Answer:
View Solution

The partition of India in 1947 was one of the most traumatic events in the history of the country. It led to the division of British India into two independent nations, India and Pakistan. This had a profound impact on the lives of ordinary people in various ways:

1. Mass Migration: Millions of people were forced to migrate across borders, with Hindus and Sikhs moving to India, while Muslims migrated to Pakistan. This mass movement led to the loss of homes, properties, and livelihoods.

2. Communal Violence: The partition led to widespread communal violence, resulting in thousands of deaths and injuries. Families were separated, and many people lost their lives in the violence that erupted during the migration process.

3. Displacement and Refugee Crisis: Many individuals and families became refugees in their own land, living in camps with inadequate resources. The sudden displacement led to a loss of community and economic stability for many ordinary people.

4. Psychological Trauma: The emotional and psychological trauma faced by individuals who lost family members, homes, or were displaced was profound, and the scars of partition continue to affect generations.

In essence, the partition created chaos and left ordinary people with a sense of loss, fear, and displacement.


Quick Tip: Partition left a deep scar on the collective memory of India and Pakistan, affecting millions of families who experienced violence, loss, and displacement.


Question 26:

Appreciate the measures taken by the Election Commission to overcome the problem of illiteracy in the first general elections.

Correct Answer:
View Solution

The first general elections in India, held in 1951-52, were a major milestone in the country’s democratic journey. The Election Commission faced significant challenges, especially the problem of illiteracy, as a large portion of the Indian population was unable to read or write. To overcome this challenge, several measures were taken:

1. Use of Symbols: Since many voters were illiterate, the Election Commission introduced symbols on the ballot papers to help voters identify candidates. This enabled even those who could not read or write to cast their votes by recognizing the symbols associated with each candidate.

2. Voter Education Campaigns: The Election Commission conducted awareness campaigns to educate the public about the importance of voting and how to use the ballot papers effectively. This helped increase voter participation, particularly among rural and uneducated populations.

3. Polling Booth Assistance: At polling stations, there were polling agents and officials available to assist illiterate voters in marking their votes correctly, ensuring that every eligible voter could participate in the electoral process.

4. Registration and Documentation: The Election Commission took steps to ensure that every eligible citizen was registered to vote, including conducting door-to-door surveys to gather voter lists, ensuring that no one was excluded.

These measures helped address the issue of illiteracy and ensured that the first general elections were successful, with a high voter turnout.


Quick Tip: The use of symbols and voter education were crucial steps taken by the Election Commission to ensure that illiteracy did not become a barrier to voting in India’s first general elections.


Question 27:

Plot the information in a tabular form given in the bar graph.







 

Correct Answer:
View Solution

The bar graph illustrates the growth in armament spending over the period from 1880 to 1914, a critical time leading up to World War I. The armaments race refers to the competition between countries to build up military weapons and equipment, which was a major factor in the lead-up to the war. The figures represent the total spending in million pounds, showing a consistent increase in military expenditures during this period.

- In 1880, the spending was 132 million pounds.
- By 1890, it increased to 158 million pounds.
- In 1900, the spending reached 205 million pounds.
- The trend continued in 1910, with 258 million pounds spent.
- In 1914, the spending sharply rose to 399 million pounds, indicating an intensification of the arms race just before the outbreak of World War I.


Quick Tip: This table shows the increase in armament expenditure from 1880 to 1914, reflecting the growing arms race in the years leading up to World War I.


Question 28:

a) Write any two neighboring countries of India.

Correct Answer:
View Solution

Two neighboring countries of India are: 1. Pakistan to the west of India. 2.
China to the north of India.


Question 28:

b) Which latitude is dividing India into two parts?

Correct Answer:
View Solution

The Tropic of Cancer (23°30' N latitude) divides India into two equal parts. It runs approximately through the middle of India, marking the boundary between the northern and southern regions.


Quick Tip: The Tropic of Cancer is an important geographical line that passes through several countries, including India, and plays a key role in dividing the Earth into tropical and subtropical regions.


SECTION - IV

Question 29:

a) Differentiate between organised and unorganised sectors.

Correct Answer:
View Solution

The difference between organised and unorganised sectors are as follows:
(A) Organised Sector:

• It includes enterprises that are registered with the government and fol-
low specific labor laws and regulations.
• Employees are provided with job security, regular wages, and other ben-
efits such as insurance and pensions.
• Examples include government departments, large private companies,
and public sector undertakings.

(B) Unorganised Sector:
It includes small-scale industries and services where labor laws are not strictly enforced.
Workers often lack job security, healthcare benefits, and retirement plans.
Examples include street vendors, domestic workers, and small shops.

In summary, the organised sector is regulated by formal laws and offers more security to workers, whereas the unorganised sector is often informal and lacks legal protections for workers.
Quick Tip: The organised sector provides better job security, benefits, and working conditions compared to the unorganised sector, where workers often face precarious conditions.


Question 29:

b) Explain the role of UNO in preserving World Peace.

Correct Answer:
View Solution

The United Nations Organization (UNO) plays a critical role in preserving world peace. Some of the major functions of UNO in this regard include:

1. Peacekeeping Operations: UNO deploys peacekeeping forces to conflict zones to maintain peace, prevent further hostilities, and help implement peace agreements between warring parties.

2. Conflict Resolution: The UNO facilitates negotiations and dialogues between conflicting parties to resolve disputes through peaceful means rather than warfare.

3. Humanitarian Assistance: UNO provides humanitarian aid to regions affected by conflict, ensuring that the basic needs of affected populations (food, shelter, healthcare) are met.

4. Promotion of International Cooperation: Through various specialized agencies like UNESCO, WHO, and UNICEF, the UNO promotes international cooperation in fields such as education, healthcare, and human rights, helping to create a more peaceful and stable world.

5. Sanctions and Diplomacy: The UNO can impose sanctions on countries that violate international peace or use force to resolve conflicts. It also encourages diplomacy as the first step to conflict resolution.

In these ways, the UNO works toward preserving peace and preventing conflicts from escalating into full-scale wars.


Quick Tip: UNO's peacekeeping and diplomatic efforts are crucial in managing conflicts and preventing the outbreak of violence in different parts of the world.


Question 30:

a) Indo-Gangetic plains are densely populated – Give reasons.

Correct Answer:
View Solution

The Indo-Gangetic plains are densely populated for the following reasons:

1. Fertile Soil: The plains are formed by the alluvial deposits brought by the major rivers like the Ganges, Yamuna, and Brahmaputra. The soil is rich in nutrients, making it highly suitable for agriculture, which supports a large population.

2. Agricultural Productivity: The region is one of the most agriculturally productive areas in India, producing staple crops like rice, wheat, and sugarcane. The availability of food resources supports a high population density.

3. Water Availability: The region is irrigated by many rivers, including the Ganges and its tributaries, making water readily available for drinking and agricultural needs.

4. Climate: The region experiences a tropical climate with a long growing season, further enhancing its agricultural productivity.

5. Economic Importance: The Indo-Gangetic plains are economically significant, with major cities like Delhi, Kolkata, and Lucknow serving as trade hubs, thereby attracting a large population.

6. Historical Development: This region has been the cradle of many ancient civilizations, and over time, it has developed into a center of culture, trade, and political power, drawing people from surrounding areas.


Quick Tip: The Indo-Gangetic plains are the heart of India's agriculture, supported by fertile soil and ample water, making them conducive for a large population.


Question 30:

b) "World wars caused enormous loss" – What are the effects of world wars on the first half of the 20th century?

Correct Answer:
View Solution

World wars in the first half of the 20th century, particularly World War I (1914-1918) and World War II (1939-1945), caused enormous loss in terms of human lives, economic resources, and global stability. The major effects were:

1. Loss of Human Lives: Both world wars resulted in millions of deaths. World War I led to approximately 10 million deaths, while World War II resulted in over 60 million deaths, including civilians, soldiers, and victims of genocide, particularly the Holocaust.

2. Economic Destruction: The wars drained economies. Infrastructure, industries, and agricultural production were destroyed, leading to massive economic instability. Many countries were left in debt and required significant international assistance for reconstruction.

3. Social Disruption: Families were torn apart, and social structures were severely affected. Millions were displaced from their homes, leading to refugee crises.

4. Political Changes: The wars led to significant political changes, including the fall of empires like the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It also led to the rise of superpowers, particularly the United States and the Soviet Union, and the onset of the Cold War.

5. Rise of Totalitarian Regimes: World War II, in particular, led to the rise of totalitarian regimes like Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler, Fascist Italy under Benito Mussolini, and Imperial Japan, contributing to further instability in the world.

6. Technological and Military Advancements: The wars saw rapid advancements in technology and military tactics, which had lasting effects on global warfare and industry.

7. Formation of the United Nations: After World War II, the United Nations (UNO) was established in 1945 to promote international cooperation and prevent future conflicts, marking a significant step toward global peace and diplomacy.


Quick Tip: The impact of the World Wars was not only felt through loss of life but also through widespread political, economic, and social changes that reshaped the world.


Question 31:

a) Write a brief note on climatic controls.

Correct Answer:
View Solution

Climatic controls refer to the factors that influence the climate of a particular region. These factors include:

1. Latitude: The position of a place in relation to the equator influences the amount of sunlight it receives, thereby affecting its climate. Regions near the equator receive more direct sunlight, making them hotter, while those near the poles receive less, making them cooler.

2. Altitude: As altitude increases, the temperature decreases. Higher altitudes, such as mountains, generally have cooler climates compared to lowland areas.

3. Distance from the Sea (Continentality): Coastal areas typically have milder climates due to the moderating effect of the sea, which absorbs and releases heat slowly. In contrast, inland areas experience more extreme temperature variations, with hotter summers and colder winters.

4. Ocean Currents: Warm and cold ocean currents influence the climate of coastal regions. For example, the Gulf Stream warms the climate of northwestern Europe, while the cold California Current has a cooling effect on the west coast of the U.S.

5. Winds and Air Pressure Systems: Winds play a crucial role in transporting heat and moisture across the globe, affecting temperature and precipitation patterns. Air pressure systems like high and low pressure areas also determine weather conditions.

6. Relief Features: Mountain ranges, valleys, and plateaus can influence local climates by blocking winds, causing rain shadows, and impacting temperature patterns.

In summary, climatic controls are the factors that determine the type of climate a region experiences.


Quick Tip: The factors like latitude, altitude, and proximity to the sea interact to shape the climate of a region.


Question 31:

b) Explain the relations of India and Pakistan.

Correct Answer:
View Solution

India and Pakistan share a complex and often strained relationship, shaped by historical, political, and territorial issues. The main factors influencing their relations are:

1. Partition of 1947: The partition of British India in 1947 led to the creation of India and Pakistan, resulting in mass migrations, communal violence, and lasting animosities. This historical event still plays a significant role in the bilateral relations between the two nations.

2. Kashmir Dispute: The Kashmir conflict remains one of the main issues between India and Pakistan. Both countries claim the region of Jammu and Kashmir in its entirety, but it is currently divided, with India controlling the larger portion. Several wars and skirmishes have been fought over the region, and it remains a source of tension.

3. Cross-Border Terrorism: Pakistan has been accused of supporting and harboring terrorist groups that target India. This has led to strained diplomatic relations and frequent military confrontations.

4. Wars and Conflicts: India and Pakistan have fought three major wars—1947-48, 1965, and 1971—over territorial disputes and other issues. The 1971 war resulted in the creation of Bangladesh, which further complicated their relations.

5. Nuclear Arms Race: Both India and Pakistan possess nuclear weapons, and the presence of these weapons has added to the tension. The nuclear rivalry between the two countries has made the conflict more dangerous, with both nations being cautious of each other's military capabilities.

6. Peace Efforts: Despite the tensions, there have been numerous attempts at peace talks, including the Shimla Agreement (1972) and the Lahore Declaration (1999). However, progress has often been hampered by ongoing conflicts and trust deficits.

7. Economic and Cultural Ties: While political relations are strained, there are economic and cultural exchanges between the two nations, with trade and people-to-people contact being areas of potential cooperation. However, political challenges often overshadow these initiatives.

In conclusion, the relationship between India and Pakistan is defined by historical issues, territorial disputes, and security concerns. Although there are occasional attempts at dialogue and peace, deep-rooted challenges continue to affect their relations.


Quick Tip: The India-Pakistan relationship is one of the most complex in international politics, characterized by historical conflict, territorial disputes, and ongoing security issues.


Question 32:

a) Write your observations on the given table:


 

Correct Answer:
View Solution

Observations on the given table are as follows:

1. Agriculture Sector:
- The majority of workers (68%) in the agriculture sector live in rural areas.
- A higher percentage of female workers (69%) are involved in agriculture compared to male workers (47%).

2. Industry Sector:
- The industry sector has a higher percentage of urban workers (34%) compared to rural workers (17%).
- The distribution between male (34%) and female (16%) workers is more balanced in the industry sector compared to agriculture.

3. Services Sector:
- The services sector has the highest percentage of urban workers (58%) compared to rural workers (15%).
- The number of male workers (19%) in the services sector is higher than female workers (15%), indicating a gender disparity in the services sector.

4. Overall Gender Distribution:
- The overall percentage of male workers across all sectors (47% in agriculture, 34% in industry, and 19% in services) is higher than female workers (69% in agriculture, 16% in industry, and 15% in services).

5. Overall Sectoral Distribution:
- The agriculture sector has the largest share of workers (53% of total workers), followed by the services sector (25%) and industry sector (22%).

In conclusion, the table shows the distribution of workers across sectors in India, highlighting the rural dominance in agriculture, urban dominance in services, and gender imbalances across sectors.


Quick Tip: The table illustrates the distribution of workers across sectors, regions, and genders, showing the significant role of agriculture in rural areas and the growing importance of services in urban areas.


Question 32:

b). Observe the given time line chart and answer the questions:

Correct Answer:
View Solution

(A) In which year Comintern was formed?
The Comintern (Communist International) was formed in the year 1919. It was an international organization aimed at encouraging worldwide communist revolution.

(B) In which year the Bloody Sunday took place?
The Bloody Sunday, an incident in which unarmed protesters were killed by the Russian Imperial Guard, took place in the year 1905.

(C) When did the Civil War take place?
The Civil War in Russia, also known as the Russian Civil War, took place between 1917 and 1922. This conflict was between the Bolshevik Red Army and the White Army.

(D) In which year collectivisation began?
The collectivisation of agriculture in the Soviet Union began in the year 1929. This was part of Stalin's plan to consolidate farms into collective farms to increase agricultural production.

Quick Tip: The timeline represents key events in Russian history, such as the formation of Comintern, the Bloody Sunday, the Civil War, and the beginning of collectivisation.

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